lesson 2

• Quantitative research

  An inquiry into an identified problem, based on testing a theory, measured with numbers, and analyzed using statistical techniques. The goal is to determine whether the predictive generalizations of a theory hold true.
• Quantitative research


  • Focuses on controlling a small number of variables to determine cause-effect relationship and or/ the strength of such relationship
  • It is the systematic scientific investigation of quantitative properties and phenomena and their relationship
• Qualitative research


  A study based upon a process of inquiry with the goal of understanding a social or human problem from multiple perspectives. It is conducted in a natural setting and involves a process of building a complex and holistic picture of the phenomenon of interest.
• Qualitative research


  Uses narrative, descriptive approaches to data collection to understand the way things are and what it means. It involves an in depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern that human behavior.
• Quantitative Research Designs

  • Experimental research
  • Causal-comparative research
  • Correlational research
  • Survey research
  • Descriptive Research Design
• Qualitative Research Designs


  • Ethnography
  • Case study
  • Naturalistic observation
  • Historical research
• Descriptive Research Design


  Used to understand a phenomenon, a situation, or a population. It does not involve the manipulation of certain variables, but seeks to observe and measure the variables to investigate them. It is used when trying to identify characteristics, categories, and trends.
• Survey Research


  The most popular and common method to gather data. You can ask multiple questions to a wide population, and conduct surveys using online survey tools. Can be cross-sectional (at a given point in time) or longitudinal (at various durations).
• Correlational Research Design


  A non-experimental research method used to identify a relationship between two variables with no influence from any extraneous variable. It can help recognize patterns and trends in the feedback gathered.
• Quasi-Experimental Research Design


  Similar to the experimental research design, but involves subjects being assigned to groups based on non-random criteria. It is often employed when true experiments cannot be carried out due to practical or ethical reasons.
• Experimental Research Design


  Aims to measure the effect of one or more independent variables on one or more dependent variables using the scientific method. Subjects are randomly assigned to groups.
• Ethnography


  A qualitative method where the researcher immerses themselves in the target participants' environment to understand the goals, cultures, challenges, motivations, and themes that emerge.
• Case Study


  A common qualitative design used to examine a person, group, community or institution in depth, with the purpose of learning as much as possible to generalize to a larger population.
• Naturalistic Observation


  A qualitative research method where the researcher records the behaviors of the research subjects in real world settings, without interfering or influencing any variables.
• Historical Research


  A process of collecting and interpreting data about past events or ideas in order to find how they affected the present events and ideas, and provide information regarding possible future events.