Final fundamentals info

• Case manager 


  Nurses manage the care of the client by communicating with the appropriate interprofessional team members to create a plan of care that will meet the needs of the whole client.
• Care provider 


  Nurses have been educated to provide knowledgeable, compassionate care to promote health and address illness. 
• Nurse educator 


  Educating clients serves to increase their knowledge, which empowers them to employ appropriate self-care management skills and to make informed care decisions, and can improve the client’s quality of life. 
• A nurse manager has overall responsibilities for the assigned clinical area(s), including managing the staff and ensuring the quality of care being delivered. 
• Nurse advocacy 


  The act of defending the interests, rights, and safety of those who cannot do it for themselves.
• Self Determine


  The responsibility of each individual to act professionally within their role as a nurse.
• Policies and Procedures


  Governing rules and regulations are established by institutions and organizations which direct nursing practice.
• Nurse Practice Act

  Rules and regulations which are determined by each state to guide the delivery of nursing care to clients.
• Scope and standards of practice 


  Explanatory statements that describe a competent level of nursing care and professional
• Code of Ethics 


  Interpretive statements that address the values, client obligations, and ideals of the nursing profession
• Care Provider


  communicates and works well with the client and other coworkers, and is a strong advocate for the needs of the clients and their families. This role also focuses on clients’ safety and health outcomes depending on the nurse being a competent care provider.
• Case Manager

  Manage the care of the client by communicating with the appropriate interprofessional team members to create a plan of care that will meet the needs of the whole client, including the need for interdisciplinary services (e.g., physical therapy, occupational therapy, enterostomal therapy, home health nursing, speech therapy), as well as coordinating the client’s educational needs as they relate to the disease process, medications, and discharge instructions.
• Researcher 


  As direct care providers, nurses utilize research to provide evidence-based care.
• Educator 


  Educating clients serves to increase their knowledge, which empowers them to employ appropriate self-care management skills and to make informed care decisions, and can improve the client’s quality of life.
• Assigned Leader 


  is associated with a position within the organizational structure such as a nurse manager, nursing director, or chief nurse officer (CNO). These are formal positions of power and influence.
• Informal leader 


  often include staff nurses who provide direct care to the clients. These nurses exhibit strong influence due to their expertise and knowledge, relationships with others, and willingness to be seen as innovative, outspoken, and ethical
• Emergent leaders 


  Necessary for improving both the quality of care and the work environment. Show leadership when they make staffing decisions, resolve conflicts, educate other nurses, and advocate for nurses who provide direct care to the clients to have input into changes in work processes, policies, and procedures.
• Nurse Manager 


  has overall responsibilities for the assigned clinical area(s), including managing the staff and ensuring the quality of care being delivered
• Nurse Change Agent 


  A nurse who brings innovation for improvement through knowledge, critical thinking, objectivity, and practice.
• Advocacy 


  Defending the rights, interests, and safety of someone who is vulnerable.
• Stress Incontinence 


   Coughing, sneezing, laughing, or physical activity that increases pressure on the bladder, resulting in urine leakage.
• Urge Incontinence 


   A strong need or urge to urinate, but leaking occurs before the client gets to the toilet.
• Reflex incontinence


  Urinary leakage as a result of nerve damage.
• Overflow incontinence 


  Incomplete bladder emptying that results in the bladder overfilling when full, leading to urine leakage.
• Functional Incontinence 


  Physical inability to reach the toilet in time. This may be due to a physical impairment such as being wheelchair bound or having arthritis of the hands, which can hinder the fine motor skills needed to unbutton clothing.
• Nocturnal Enuresis (nighttime bedwetting)


  Common in children but may occur in adults who have consumed too much alcohol, who consume caffeine at night, or who take certain medications.
• Modes of transmission


  How bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and prions move from place to place. These are contact, droplet, and airborne.
• 3 main modes of transmission

  Contact, droplet(coughing/sneezing/singing), and airborne
• Droplet transmission occurs when infectious droplets from a client travel through the air and come in contact with the mucosa of a host.
• Examples of droplet transmission

  Influenza virus, rhino virus, corona virus and Bordetella pertussis
• Airborne Transmission


  occurs when small particulates found in the air move into the airspace of another person and carry infectious agents. 
• Direct contact transmission


  Occurs when micro-organisms are directly moved from an infected person to another person, rather than through a contaminated object or person.
• Indirect contact transmission


  Occurs when microorganisms are directly moved from the infected person to another person with having a contaminated object or person between these two.
• Vechicle transmission


  Transmission of infectious agents to various individuals through a common source, such as contaminated food or water.
• Vector-borne transmission


  Transmission of infectious agents through animals, such as an insect or rodent.
• nonspecific immunity


  Comprised of neutrophils and macrophages and their work as phagocytes.
• Specific immunity 


  The work of antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) and lymphocytes.
• Chain of infection 


  infectious agent → reservoir→ portal of exit→ mode of transsmission→portal of entry→ susceptiable Host
• Susceptibale host 


  Required for the infectious agent to take hold and become a reservoir for infection. Not everyone who is exposed to an infectious agent will get ill. Some people never exhibit manifestations at all but can become colonized (temporarily or permanently) with the infectious agent.
• Manifestations of Inflammation


  Heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function