Bones, joints, Movement

• What acts as a lever?

  Long Bone
• Long Bone example 


  • Femur
• Flat Bone


  Protect and provide muscle attachment
• Flat Bone example


  • Ribs, pelvis
• Short Bone example


  Used for strength
• Short Bone


  • Carpals
• Irregular Bone


  Protect the spinal column
• Irregular Bone


  • Vertebrae
• Functions of Skeleton


  • Lever system
  • Attachment of muscles
  • Protection
  • Support
  • Shape
  • Production of blood cells
  • Storage of minerals
• Pivot Joint

  • Location: Spine
  • Movement: Rotation
• Saddle Joint


  • Location: Base of the thumb
  • Movement: Flexion, Extension / Abduction, Adduction (2 axis)
• Ball and Socket Joint

  • Location: Hip or shoulder
  • Movement: Flexion, extension/abduction, adduction / rotation, circumduction
• Hinge Joint

  • Location: Knee, elbow
  • Movement: Flexion, Extension
• Movements at Joints

  • Circumduction
  • Extension (decreasing angle)
  • Flexion (increasing angle)
  • Adduction
  • Abduction
  • Rotation
  • Hyperextension
  • Lateral flexion
  • Supination
  • Pronation
  • Inversion
  • Eversion
  • Dorsiflexion (toes up)
  • Plantarflexion (toes down)
  • Elevation
  • Depression
  • Horizontal extension
  • Horizontal flexion