artificial intelligence

• artificial intelligence - is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems.
• Specific applications of Ai include:

  • expert systems
  • natural language processing
  • speech recognition
  • machinevision
• artificial intelligence - requires a foundation of specialized hardware and software for writing and training machine learning algorithms
• no one programming language is synonymous with AI, but a few, including Python, R and Java, are popular
• artificial intelligence systems - work by ingesting large amount of labeled training data, analyzing the data for correlations and patterns, and using this patterns to make predictions about future states.
• AI programming focuses on three cognitive skills:

  • learning
  • reasoning
  • self-correction
• learning processes - this aspect of AI programming focuses on acquiring data and creating rules for how to turn data into actionable information
• algorithms - provide computing devices with step-by-step instrucctions for how to complete specific task
• reasoning processes - this aspect of AI programming focuses on choosing the right algorithm to reach desired outcome.
• self-correction processes - this aspect of AI programming is designed to continually fine-tune algortihms and ensure they provide the most accurate results possible
• Advantages of AI:

  • good at detailed-oriented jobs
  • reduced time for data-heavy tasks
  • delivers consistent results
  • AI-powered virtual agents are always available
• Disadvantages of AI:

  • expensive
  • requires deep technical expertise
  • limited supply of qualified workers to build AI tools
  • only knows what it's been show
  • lack of ability to generalize from one task to another
• Arend Hintze - an assistant professor of integrative biology and computer science and engineering at Michigan State University, explained in a 2016 article that AI can be categorized into four types, beginning with the task-specific intelligent system in wide use today and progressing to sentient systems, which fo not yet exist.
• reactive machines - these AI system have no memory and are task specific
• Deep Blue - the IBM chess program that beat Garry Kaparov in the 1990s
• Deep blue - can identify pieces on the chessboard and make predictions, but because it has no memory, it cannot use past experiences to inform future ones.
• reactive machines - good for simple classification and pattern recognition task
• reactive machines - great for scenarios where all parameters are known: can beat humans because it can make calculations faster
• reactive machines - incapable of dealing with scenarios including imperfect information or requiring historical understanding
• limited memory - these AI systems have memory, so they can use past experiences to inform future decisions
• limited memory - some of the decision-making functions in self-driving cars are designed this way
• limited memory - can handle complex classification tasks
• limited memory - able to use historical data to make predictions
• limited memory - capable of complex task such as self-driving cars, but still vulnerable outliers or adversarial examples
• limited memory - this is the current state of AI, and some say we have hit a wall
• theory of mind - is a psychology term
• theory of mind - when applied to AI, it means that the system would have the social intelligence to understand emotions
• theory of mind - this type of AI will be able to infer human intentions and predict behavior, a necessary skill for AI systems to become integral members of human team
• theory of mind - able to understand human motives and reasoning
• theory of mind - can deliver personal experience to everyone based on their motives and needs
• theory of mind - able to learn fewer ecamples because it understand motive and intent
• theory of mind - consider the next milestone for AI's evolution
• Self-awareness - in this category, AI systems have a sense of self, which gives them conciousness
• self-awareness - when applied in a machine, it can understand their own current state
• self-awareness - this type of AI does not yet exist
• self-awareness - Human-level interlligence that can bypass our inteligence, too
• automation - when paired with AI technologies, this tools can expand the volume and types of task performed
• robotic process automation - a type of software that automates repetitive, rules-based data processing tasks traditionally done by humans
• machine learning - this is the science of getting a computer to act without programming
• supervised learning - data sets are labeled so that patterns can be detected and used to label new data sets