Urban Issues and Challenges

• Urbanisation


  The process of people moving from rural to urban areas
• Urbanisation in HICs vs LICs

  • Slower in HICs as most area is already urbanised
  • Faster in LICs due to improved economic development, industry and trade
• Urbanisation levels in HICs

  • Over 60% of the country's population live in urban areas
• Urbanisation is increasing in places such as India, China and Nigeria
• Causes of urbanisation


  • Migration push and pull factors
  • Natural increase
• Push factors


  Reasons people want to leave the countryside
• Pull factors


  Reasons people are attracted to the city
• Megacities


  Cities with over 10 million people living in them, often found towards the coast
• Megacities


  • Tokyo
  • New York
  • Mumbai