LIT

• Mindanao is known in the Philippines as the "Land of Promise"
• Major islands of Mindanao


  • Mindanao mainland
  • Camiguin
  • Siargao
  • Samal
  • Dinagat
  • Bucas Grande
  • Basilan
  • Sulu
  • Tawi-tawi
• Regions of Mindanao


  • BARMM
  • CARAGA
  • Davao
  • Northern Mindanao
  • SoCCSKSarGen
  • Zamboanga Peninsula
• Davao City


  The most populous place in Mindanao where Mt. Apo is located
• Mt. Apo


  The highest point in the Philippines
• Famous local destinations in Mindanao

  • Maria Cristina Falls
  • Limunsudan Falls
  • Tinago Falls
  • Tinuy-an Falls
  • Lake Lanao
  • Lake Sebu in South Cotabato
  • Agus River
  • Siargao
  • Dahilayan Forest Park
  • Rio Grande River
  • Enchanted River in Surigao Del Sur
• Famous landmarks in Mindanao

  • Sunken Cemetery in Camiguin Island
  • The Grand Mosque of Cotabato
  • Zamboanga City
  • Island City of Marawi
• Languages in Mindanao


  • Cebuano
  • Tagabawa
  • Hiligaynon
  • Mansaka
  • Sangirese
  • Obo
  • Sarangani
  • Mandaya
  • Kalagan
  • Giangon
  • Dibabawon
• Lumad groups in Mindanao

  • Subanons (Zamboanga Peninsula)
  • Bukidnon, Ata Manobos, Mamanwas, Matigsalugs, Agusan Manobos, Talaandigs, Kamigins, Higaonons (Northern Mindanao and CARAGA)
  • T'bolis, Tirurays, B'laans, Saranganis, Cotabato Manobos (SOCCSKSARGEN)
  • Obos, Mandayas, Giangans, Tagabawas, Kalagans, Sangirese, Mansakas (Davao)
• Moro groups in Mindanao

  • Maguindabaos
  • Maranaos
  • Tausugs
  • Yakans
  • Iranuns
  • Samas
• Other groups in Mindanao

  • Butanons
  • Surigaonons
  • Kagay-anons
  • Zamboanguenos
  • Hiligaynons
  • Cebuanos
  • Bajaos
• Each Muslim cultural community in Mindanao has its own inventory of folk literature, which usually displays themes that are unique and peculiar, yet unfinished by Islamic faith
• Oral literary forms in Mindanao

  • Folktales
  • Myths
  • Legends
  • Poems
  • Epics
  • Ballads
  • Riddles
  • Proverbs
• Names for folktales in different Mindanao ethnic groups

  • Kana-kana (from Jama Mapun and Sama)
  • Katakata (from Tausug)
  • Oman-oman (from Davaoenos)
  • Totol (from Maranao)
  • Tudtol (from Iranon)
  • Tudtolan (from Maguindanao)
• Famous Mindanao folktales


  • Agamaniyog Folktales from Maranao
  • Manuk-manuk Bulawan from Indanan (also known as Agta amd Datu Dakula)
  • Posong or Pusung from Tausug
• Famous Mindanao epics


  • Bantugan- Maranao epic
  • Indaraptra and Sulayman- Maguindanao epic
  • Parang Sabil hi Abdulla Iban hi Isara- Tausug epic/ballad
• Filipinos have lack of access to the textual materials of the oral literature of Mindanao. Literature scholars concluded that the people themselves don't seem to realize that their cultural products are already vanishing due to lack of literary preservation
• The people of Mindanao seem to be preoccupied in mundane with politics and economics
• Modern Mindanao literature themes

  • War and conflict
  • Quest for peace
  • Social inequality
  • Landlessness
  • Love of one's land
• Mindanao harvest 4: A 21st Century Literary Anthology was published in 2018 by Far Eastern University (FEU) publications. This Anthology is said to be the first comprehensive literary anthology on Mindanao's contemporary literatures including 63 Mindanao writers
• Antonio Enriquez


  A Filipino author born in 1936 in Zamboanga, who wrote several award-winning short stories and novels based on his experiences in Cotabato
• Telesforo Sungkit Jr.


  A writer from Davao Region, author of Ananaw (The Beloved) and Anijun (The Shining One), as well as the first Lumad novel Batbat hi Udan (The story of udan)
• Metro Manila is the official name of the National Capital Region, the seat of the Philippine government
• Cities that make up Metro Manila

  • Manila
  • Quezon City
  • Las Piñas
  • Makati
  • Mandaluyong
  • Marikina
  • Muntinlupa
  • Parañaque
  • Pasay
  • Pasig
  • San Juan
  • Taguig
  • Caloocan
  • Malabon
  • Navotas
  • Valenzuela
• Metro Manila is considered the Philippines's political, economic, social, and cultural center
• Metro Manila is the 18th most populous city in the world as of 2016 and one of the modern metropolises in Southeast Asia
• Metro Manila is a place of economic extremes, with high-income citizens residing in developed cities like Makati and Muntinlupa, while poor and low-income families are scattered in slum areas like Tondo and Smokey Mountain
• Famous landmarks and tourist destinations in Metro Manila

  • Rizal Park
  • National Museum of the Philippines
  • Intramuros
  • Fort Santiago
  • Manila Cathedral
  • San Agustin Church
  • Bahay Tsinoy Museum
  • Anda Circle
• Filipino (Tagalog)


  The national language and an official language of the Philippines, the most widely spoken language in Metro Manila
• English


  The language of commerce, law, and several workplaces in Metro Manila
• The Tagalog literature has been born and developed in the provinces of Southern Luzon, Central Luzon, and the present Metropolitan Manila or the National Capital Region
• Provinces where Tagalog is predominantly used in Central Luzon

  • Aurora
  • Nueva Ecija
  • Bataan
  • Bulacan
• The Tagalog region is well-known nationwide as the birthplace of a rich tradition of Philippine culture in the aspects of language, politics, economy and literature
• The University of Sto. Tomas, the oldest university in the Philippines, is located in Manila
• The first printing press built in Manila made the publication of the first book Doctrina Cristiana possible in 1593, in the form of xylography. This was written in Spanish and Tagalog languages
• Pasyon, which narrated the life of Christ in the form of song and poetry, was written in Tagalog by various writers Gaspar Aquino de Belen and Fr. Mariano Pilapil
• Some writers of classic Philippine literature from the past

  • Francisco Balagtas Baltazar
  • Jose Rizal
  • Andres Bonifacio
  • Apolinario Mabini
  • Emilio Jacinto
  • Marcelo H. Del Pilar
  • Jose P. Laurel
  • Lope K. Santos
  • Lazaro Francisco
  • Faustino Aguilar
  • José Corazon de Jesus
  • Alejandro Abadia
  • Modesto de Castro
  • Claro M. Recto
  • Amado V. Hernandez
• Carmen Guerrero-Nakpil


  A Filipino author, journalist, historian, and public servant, recipient of S.E.A. Write Award, known for her book "Woman Enough and Other Essays"
• Nicomedes "Nick" Marquez Joaquin


  A Filipino author, historian, and journalist, popular for his short stories and novels written in English, declared as the 1976 National Artist of the Philippines for Literature
• Alejandro Reyes Roces


  A Filipino dramatist, essayist, and declared as the 2003 National Artist of the Philippines for literature, who also served as the Secretary of Education from 1961 to 1965