ENGELS UNIT 1

• The Lake District


  • Small corner of England that contains some of the most spectacular scenery in the country
  • Known for lake poets: Wordsworth + Coleridge
  • Lakes + mountains =fells
• William Wordsworth


  • Went on an adventure in the Lake District
  • Nature is awe-inspiring
  • Wrote sonnet: "I wandered lonely as a cloud" (1802)
  • His admirers were shocked about the way he romanticized daffodils (narcissen)
  • His idea: any experience big or small can spark imagination
• Samuel Taylor Coleridge


  • Friend of William Wordworth
  • Was an opium addict (found a new drug: Kendel Black drop (brandy + opium)
  • It appealed nightmares
  • Wrote poem: "Dejection"
• The Island of Lindisfarne


  • Linked to Britain by a narrow causeway
  • In 1790 came William Turner & Thomas Girtin to this place to find inspiration
• Thomas Girtin


  • Painting: Lindisfarne Castle
  • Tried to capture the mood to give an expression of the way he felt about the landscape
  • No reproduction; you see a vision shaped by his feeling
  • His style: lazy work, unfinished
• William Turner


  • Became very famous + giant a fortune (very rich) towards Girtin who had to fight asthma
  • Work: Holy Island
• Yorkshire Moors


  • An upland area in north-eastern Yorkshire, England
  • Always associated with the Brontës family (19th century)
• Wuthering Heights


  • Book written by Emily Brontës
  • About a love-affair between Catherin Earnshow & Heathcliff (he was adopted by the family Earnshow)
  • Catherin married Ed Linton but she was in love with Heathcliff
• There is a song about Wuthering Heights written by Kate Bush
• Stiff upper lip


  They are very good in showing no emotions, keep calm and carry on (for ex: Queen Elizabeth had a stiff upper lip on Diana's funeral)
• Alice in Wonderland


  • 19th century
  • Author: Lewis Carroll
  • Alice came in an anthropomorphic world (animals acts like humans)
  • Literary nonsense genre → fantasy
• Francis Drake


  1588, Spanish Armada
• Trooping the colour


  • Now ceremony performed by the CommonWealth army and regiments (British) army
  • On a saturday in june, to celebrate the birthday of the King (Charles)
  • Ceremony is broadcasted by BBC
  • Regiments → in differents colours, you can see who is who
• Queen Victoria


  • 19th century
  • An additional little empress of India
  • She was a person who carried of the poor people
  • Became Queen at 18 years old : a national icon
  • Identified with strict standards = personal morality
  • Married Prince Albert (her cousin) => 9 children (took very good care of her subjects)
  • Reign for 63 years (Eli ll 70 years → longest)
• Magna Carta


  • 1215
  • King John , important legal document in the history of democratie
  • King John= unpopular
  • Rebellions/ baron => stood against him
  • Magna Carta: the king had to renew a lot of things → the subjects (onderlingen) received more rights => f.ex. feudal payments
• Beefeaters - Tower of London


  • People who have served 20 years in the army
  • They studied course in the UK to become beefeater
  • They wanted to guide you around (only for small groups)
  • Henry llX, prison …
• Hampton Court


  Royal palace built for Thomas Wolsey (a favorite person for Henry Xll) situated in the Greater London
• Cotswolds


  • South West West-Central (45 km across 145 km long)
  • Very typical houses
• Morris dancers


  • 15th century
  • Bell pads on the shin (scheenbeen) + sticks, swords
  • English folk dance, always music, rhythmic stepping (only men)
• Dr Johnson


  • 18th century
  • Linguïst: great men of letters (in England)
  • Published the first English dictionary (1750)
• The Brontës


  • Patrick Brontë = a vicar = father of the Brontës family: 3 girls and 1 boy (changed their names) (Brontë → Bell)
  • Charlotte (Currer) - Jane Eyre
  • Emily (Ellis) - Wuthering Heights
  • Anne (Acton) - the tenant of the Wildfell hall????
  • They all died young
• Sherlock Holmes


  • Author: Arthur Conan Doyle
  • A fictional detective, logical reasoning
  • Well known for disguise (vermomming) , forensic science (when he was solving a problem)
  • Very good friend: doctor Watson
• Jane Austen


  A writer
• Robin Hood


  • He stole from the rich, to give to the poor
  • Folk figure
• John Bull


  They think it is the author of the national anthem, God save the queen
• Stonehenge


  • Situated in Wiltshire
  • Monument of standing stones in a circle
• The UK consists of England, Wales, Scotland (Great Britain) and Northern Ireland
• England and Scotland lost their individual power but kept their legal identity
• Official cooperation between England and Wales for taxes and legal purposes

  16th century
• Act of Union, England and Scotland coming together

  1707
• Ulster


  Northern Ireland
• Crown Dependencies


  • The Isle of Man, Guernsey, Jersey
  • Property of the Crown
  • Recognise the King as their ruler
  • The Currency is not a legal tender
• Independence of the Irish (South Ireland)


  1922
• Bloody Sunday: British army shot down 20 young, not-armed men = The Troubles (Catholic against Protestant)


  1972
• Wales


  • Capital: Cardiff
  • Southwest of UK
  • 18th century: very industrial (important role) => coal + steel + tourism
  • ⅔ of Welsh people lives in Cardiff => a lot of national parks (Snowdonia)
  • In previous days: Wales=Wahla (foreign/stranger)
  • 1 march: St David = Patrian Saint
  • National symbol: daffodil (respectful, chivalrous)
• Scotland


  • Capital: Edinburgh (but Liverpool bigger; a lot of industry)
  • 1997 devolution (centralisering) in Scotland: own church, government, parliament
  • 16th century: Picts lived there???
  • National symbol: St Andrew's cross
  • Beautiful nature
  • Thistle (rugged)
• England


  • Capital: London
  • Name: "The Angles"
  • 14 century: lost 70% of population => cause: "Plague" → black death
  • 1707: Act of Union, England and Scotland coming together, lost individual power → legal identity
  • Roses (romantic, poetic)
• Thomas Becket


  • 12 century
  • Archbishop of Canterbury + Lord Chancelier of Henry ll
  • In additional: friends with Henry ll: later discussion
  • Thomas fled to Louis Vll
  • 1170: went back to England
  • Murdered in his own Cantherbury cathedral on royal comment of Henry ll
• Irish stereotypes


  • Irish music and irish dance
  • Ginger hair
  • Like to have big families (catholic believes)
  • Very friendly and very welcoming
  • They swear a lot
  • Like potatoes
  • Like to procastinate -> postpone (= uitstellen)
  • Like to drink alcohol
  • They have the gift of the gab -> you can talk very well about anything, they are very fluent with language
  • Famous people = ed sheeran, Johnny Logan
• Scottish stereotypes


  • They like alcohol
  • The further you go up north the more people tend to drink because in the north in winter time there is no daylight, people get depressed
  • Very pessimistic -> they always think bad about things
  • Thrift -> they are mean with money, they dont like to spend a lot of money
  • Big important families have there own tartan (= there own pattern)
  • When men go out they were a kilt (= mannenrok)
  • Highland games
  • Rugby and golf
  • National dish = haggis
  • National poet = Robbie Burns
  • Monster of Loch ness