Isomerism & carbonyl compounds

• Why are carboxylic acids weak?

  Partially dissociate in water into carboxylate ion & H+ ion. Reversible reaction but equilibrium lies to left as most molecules don't dissociate.
• Carboxylic acids react with carbonates to form...

  Salt, water & CO2.
• What is esterification?


  Heat carboxylic acid with alcohol in presence of strong acid catalyst (e.g, conc. H2SO4). Makes ester.
• What are hydroxynitriles made from?

  React aldehydes or ketones with KCN & dilute acid. Nucleophilic addition.
• What are the hazards of KCN?

  Toxic-store safely. Reaction in fume cupboard as there's risk of some HCN gas released.