eyes

• extraocular muscles and their CN:

  superior rectus - oculomotor

  superior oblique - trochlear

  lateral rectus - abducens

  inferior oblique - oculomotor

  inferior rectus - oculomotor

  medial rectus - oculomotot
• snellen chart

  used to test distance vision and measure visual acuity
• snellen chart:

  20/20 - adults and children 6 and older

  20/50 - children 3 and younger

  20/40 - age 4

  20/30 - age 5
• rosenbaum card

  used to evaluate near vision, small, handheld card has a series of numbers, E's, X's, and O's in fraduated sizes
• rosenbaum card

  testing vision at the bedside of patients after catarct surgery
• jaegers card

  EYE CHART used in testing near vision acuity
• ishihara test

  color perception test for red-green color deficiencies
• allen card test

  seven card with single pic each

  used for 2 year old child and older
• snellen chart acuity

  20/20 - normal acuity
• snellen chart acuity

  20/15 - better vision
• snellen chart acuity

  20/200 - legally blind
• snellen chart acuity

  20/40 - smaller fraction
• normal vision for rosenbaum card

  14/14
• normal vision for jaegers card

  14/14
• conjunctivitis - is the inflammation or infection of the transarent membrane that lines your eyelid and eyeball
• conjunctival pallor - reason enough to perform hemoglobin determinatipn
• pterygium or pinguecula - growth or thickening of conjunctiva from inner canthal area toward iris
• subconjunctival hemorrhage - tiny blood vessel breaks just underneath the clear surface of your eye
• nevus - birthmark or a mole in the skin
• papilloma - most common eyelid tumors usually occurs in middle-aged or elderly
• papilloma - skin tag
• cornea - is the clear outer layer at the front of the eye.
• cornea - helps your eye to

  focus light so you

  can see clearly
• red reflex test - used to screen for abnormalities of the back of the eye
• sclera - white outer layer of the eyeball
• pupil - dark-colored openings at the center of your eyes that let light in
• pupil diameter in bright light 2 to 4 mm
• pupil diameter in dark 4 to 8 mm
• convergence test - PERRLA
• PERRLA meaning pupils are equal, round and reactive to light and accommodation
• extraocular musclles - responsible for eye movement
• extraocular muscles - cardinal fields of gaze test
• Nystagmus

  involuntary rapid movement (horizontal,

  vertical, rotatory, or mixed) of the eyeball
• strabismus - squint deviation of the eye which the patient cannot overcame
• cover and uncover test

  to determine if there is a

  heterophoria or phoria,

  which is a latent strabismus

  or misalignment that is only

  present when binocular

  fusion is suspended or

  interrupted.