Cell biology paper 1

• Nucleus


  Contains DNA for coding a particular protein needed to build new cells
• Cytoplasm


  A liquid substance where chemical reactions occur

  Contains enzymes that are biological catalyst which speed up the rate of reactions

  Organelles are found in it
• Cell membrane


  Controls what enters and leaves the cell
• Mitochondria


  Aerobic respiration takes places providing energy for the cell
• Ribosomes


  Protein synthesis occurs

  Found in the structure "The Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• Chloroplast


  Photosynthesis occurs providing food for the plant

  Contains chlorophyll
• Cell wall (PLANT)


  Made out of cellulose

  Strengthens the cell
• Permanent vacuole


  Improves cell rigidity

  Contains cell sap

  Found within cytoplasm
• Cell wall (BACTERIAL )

  made out of a different compound

  PEPTIDOGYLCAN
• Single circular strands of DNA

  No nucleus

  Stays a float in the cytoplasm
• Plasmids


  Small rings of DNA
• Animal and plants cells are Eukaryotic

  What do they contain?

  •cytoplasm

  •nucleus contains DNA

  •cell membrane
• Bacterial cells are prokaryotes what do they contain ?

  •cell wall

  •cell membrane

  •cytoplasm

  •single circular strands of DNA or Plasmids
• Sperm cell function


  SPECIALISED TO CARRY THE MALES DNA TO THE OVUM
• Sperm cell adaptations


  -streamlined head and long tail to aid swimming

  - Many mitochondria to supply energy to the cell to move

  -acrosome has digestive enzymes to break down outer layers of membrane of the egg cell
• Nerve cell function


  SPECIALISED TO TRANSMIT ELECTRICAL IMPULSES FROM ONE PLACE IN THE BODY TO ANOTHER
• Nerve cell adaptations

  -Long axon enabling the impulses to be carried along long distances

  - having lots of extensions from the cell body (dendrites)
• Muscle cell function 


  specialised to contract quickly to move bones