Naming Compounds

• Element


  • Made up of one type of atom which are all the same
  • Found in nature and have been placed on the periodic table
• Elements


  • gold
  • silver
  • zinc
  • neon
  • krypton
  • calcium
• Compound


  • Made up of more than one type of atom
  • Atoms of different elements combine together to form a compound with new properties
• Compounds


  • water
  • salt
  • hydrochloric acid
• Types of compounds


  • Ionic
  • Molecular
• Ionic compound


  • When a metal and non-metal combine
  • Pure substances formed as a result of the attraction between particles of opposite charges called ions
  • Ion: an element that has become positive or negative charged through the loss or gain of electrons
  • Salt is formed from positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chlorine ions
• Properties of ionic compounds

  • High melting point
  • Good electrical conductivity
  • Distinct crystal shape
  • Solid at room temperature
• Ion charges


  • To indicate ions when writing a plus or minus sign is placed above the upper right of the element symbol (Na+ or Cl-)
  • Some ions can also form when certain atoms of elements combine
  • These ions are called polyatomic - groups of atoms acting as one
• Naming ionic compounds


  1. Chemical name of the metal (positive ion) goes first, followed by the name of the non-metal (negative ion)

  2. The name of the non-metal changes its ending to "ide"
• Molecular compound


  • When non-metals combine
  • Can be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature
  • Insulators
  • Low melting and boiling points because forces between molecules are weak
• Molecular compounds


  • Water
  • Sugar
• Naming molecular compounds


  1. The first element in the compound uses the element name

  2. The second element has the suffix "ide"

  3. When there is more than one atom in the formula, a prefix is used

  4. An exception to rule one is when the first element has only one atom, the prefix mono is not used
• How are ionic bonds formed?

  A non-metal and metal combines
• What are ions?


  A result of the attraction between particles of opposite charges
• Writing Formulas for Molecular Compounds

  • Same as ionic except

  • No ions are present and the ion charge is not used in the formulas.
• Chemical Equations

  • When substances react together they undergo chemical reactions.

  • The substances at the beginning of a reaction are called reactants

  • The new materials produced by the reactants are called products
• The Law of Conservation of Mass:

  In a chemical change, the total mass of the new substances is always the same as the total mass of the original substances.
• Changing the Speed of a Chemical Reaction

  •The speed of a reaction is called its REACTION RATE

  4 factors affect the reaction rate:

  1. Temperature of the reactants

  • higher temperature the faster the rate

  2. Surface Area of the reactants

  • more surface in contact, the faster

  • a crushed alka-seltzer tablet reacts quicker than a whole one.

  3. Concentration of the reactants

  • higher concentration, higher reaction rate
• 4. Presence of a Catalyst / Inhibitors

  • Catalyst is a substance that helps speed up reactions

  • NOT consumed in the reaction

  • Found in both living and non-living things

  • A natural catalyst made by living things is called an enzyme
• • Inhibitors are substances which slow down a chemical reaction

  • Ex: plants have inhibitors in the seeds which would prevent germination until the conditions are perfect

  • Inhibitors are often added to food to slow down their decomposition
• Chemical reactions that give off heat are called exothermic.

  o Natural gas burned in a furnace

  o Burning of wood

  • Chemical reactions that absorb energy are called endothermic. o Baking cookies

  o Cold packs

  • One way to describe a chemical reaction is with a word equation o + sign means and

  o 🡪 means produces

  o After each chemical you need the state (solid, liquid, or gas)

  • Combustion and corrosion are types of chemical reactions involving oxygen