Basic aspects of feeds and feeding in livestock and poultry

Cards (80)

  • Pre-requisites to a productive animal production
    • Proper nutrition
    • Health care
    • Good management practices
  • Rationing feeds short of the proper volume or standard requirement in both quantity an nutritional level
    Underfeeding
  • Giving more feed beyond the standard level both in volume and in nutritional requirement
    Overfeeding
  • Feeding enough feedstuff with unbalanced nutritional level, which usually results to nutritional deficiency as when giving ration rich in carbohydrates but less in protein
    Unbalanced feeding
  • Chemical substances found in feed materials that can be used, and are necessary for the maintenance
    Nutrients
  • Needed by animals in definite amounts varying with age, function, use etc.
    Nutrients
  • Part of a feedstuff that can be digested, or broken down
    Digestible nutrient
  • Not easily digested
    Fiber
  • Efficient users of roughage
    Ruminants and horses
  • Three basic functions of feed nutrients:
    1. As structural materials for building and maintaining the body structure
    2. As sources of energy for heat production, work, and/or fat deposition
    3. As regulators of body processes/activities and as constituents of body-produced regulators
  • Reasons why animals need feed
    1. Maintenance
    2. Growth
    3. Reproduction
    4. Lactation
    5. Working
    6. Other products and uses
  • Total amount of feed an animal gets in a 24 hour period

    Ration
  • A ration that provides all of the nutrients needed by the animal in the right amount and proportion
    Balanced ration
  • Type and amount of feed and water an animal eats
    Diet
  • 6 types of materials that provide nutrients
    1. Carbohydrates
    2. Fats
    3. Proteins
    4. Minerals
    5. Vitamins
    6. Water
  • Major sources are corn, oats, hay, soybean oil meal and grain sorghum
    Carbohydrates
  • Meat scraps, tankage, cottonseed and fish meal are examples
    Fats
  • Tankage, soybean meal, legume hay, blood meal, feather meal, fish meal and skim milk
    Proteins
  • How many minerals are needed by animals?
    18
  • Six macrominerals needed by animals?
    Calcium, salt, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and sulfur
  • Most important vitamins in animals
    Vitamins A, D, and B
  • Most important of all nutrients
    Water
  • Market hog is composed of ()% of water
    40%
  • Newborn calf is composed of ()% of water
    70%
    • More abundant and cheaper
    • Very easily digested and turned into body fat
    • Easier storage than fats
    Carbohydrates
  • Complex compounds made of amino acids
    Proteins
  • How to get the amount of protein?
    Nitrogen content multiplied by 6.25
  • Make their own protein
    Plants
  • Insufficient amount of essential proteins
    Poor quality protein feeds
  • Inorganic elements of animals and plants
    Minerals
  • Determined by burning off the organic matter and weighing the residue are called
    Ash
  • supplement for deficiency only
    Minerals
  • Macrominerals
    • salt
    • calcium
    • phosphorus
    • magnesium
    • potassium
    • sulfur
  • Microminerals
    • chromium
    • cobalt
    • copper
    • fluorine
    • iodine
    • iron
    • manganese
    • molybdenum
    • selenium
    • silicon
    • zinc
  • Function of minerals:
    • Give strength to skeleton
    • Part of protein
    • Activate enzyme systems
    • Control fluid balance
    • Regulate acid-base balance
    • Exert effects on nerves/muscles
    • Engage in mineral-vitamin relation
  • Required in minute amounts for normal growth
    Vitamins
  • Fat soluble vitamins
    Vitamin A, D, E, K
  • water soluble vitamins:
    • biotin
    • choline
    • folic acid
    • inositol
    • niacin (B3)
    • Pantothenic acid
    • PABA
    • Riboflavin (B2)
    • Thiamine (B1)
    • Pyridoxine (B6)
    • Cyanocobalamin (B12)
    • C
  • Most vital of all nutrients
    Water
  • ways supplement are prepared:
    • BLOCKS
    • LIQUIDS
    • MIXES