Astronomy Quiz 3

• Stellar Spectra


  Stellar temperatures can be determined from star colors or...
• Giant Molecular Clouds


  Enormous, cold clouds of gas and dust, called _________________, are scattered about the disk of the Galaxy.
• Metal-rich; metal-poor


  Relatively young stars are ________; ancient stars are ________.
• Granules


  Convection of gas from below the photosphere produces features called...
• The energy released in a thermonuclear reaction comes from the conversion of matter into energy


  According to Einstein's equation E=mc2,...
• Red Dwarf


  Which types of stars have the lowest core temperatures?
• Main sequence


  What type of star is the sun?
• Gum Nebula


  The __________ is the largest known supernova remnant.
• Double star


  A pair of stars located at nearly the same position in the night sky is called a...
• Gas


  Eta Carinae is surrounded by bright beads of...
• The magnetic field is flipped


  What happens halfway through the Sun's solar cycle, or every 11 years?
• Penumbra


  Does the Zeeman effect happen in the umbra or penumbra of the Sun's sunspots?
• True


  True or false; the Sun is always vibrating.
• G


  What spectral class is our Sun?
• The spectral lines split


  How do astronomers find binary star systems with spectrographs?
• Oxygen


  When looking at a Nebula, what element is seen as blue?
• You can see other stars past emission nebulae


  What is the difference between an emission nebula and reflection nebula?
• Helium's core


  What kind of core do Red Giants have?
• Type I


  Which Cepheid star type is more luminous?
• Core, photosphere, chromosphere, corona


  In order, what are the layers of the sun innermost to outermost?
• Stellar winds


  ________ are the flow of particles from stars and approach solar wind from all directions.
• Yes, you can see the corona when the photosphere is blocked, through special filters, or at non-visible wavelengths


  Are we able to see the corona?
• A pair of stars located at nearly the same position


  What are double stars?
• Luminosity is the amount of energy a star emits; brightness is the amount of light we receive


  What is the difference between luminosity and brightness?
• The interstellar medium


  ____________ is the matter between stars and it contains at least 10% of the observed mass in our Galaxy.
• Open cluster


  A giant Molecular cloud that has several hundred or even thousands of dense cores is a(n)...
• The high-mass star becomes a super giant with a diameter also as wide as the orbit of Jupiter


  What happens toward the end of an old high-mass star's life?
• The photosphere


  Where does most of the Sun's visible light come from?
• Convection of gas from below the photosphere of the Sun


  What produces granules?
• The apparent magnitude of a star is a measure of how bright the star appears to Earth-based observers, while the absolute magnitude is a measure of the star's true brightness


  What is the difference between apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude?
• Main sequence stars, giants, super giants, and white dwarfs


  The H-R diagram reveals the existence of what four major groupings of stars?
• Short-wavelength starlight is scattered by dust grains more than is the long-wavelength light


  Why does interstellar reddening occur?
• Stars in open clusters are not gravitionally bound, while stars in globular clusters are gravitationally bound together


  What is the difference between an open clusters and a globular cluster?
• Instability strip


  Stars that become unstable and begin to pulsate are in what region of the H-R diagram?
• The corona


  What is the hottest and least dense layer of the Sun's atmosphere?
• Luminosity


  What is the rate at which electromagnetic radiation is emitted from a star or other object called?
• The more massive star


  The center of mass of a binary star system is closer to what?
• Mass and luminosity are directly correlated; the more massive the star, the more luminous it is


  For a main sequence star, what is the relationship between mass and luminosity?
• Luminosity increases


  What happens to the luminosity as the distance from the Sun's center increases?
• Density decreases 


  What happens to the density of the Sun as the distance from the Sun's center increases?