CELLS AT WORK

• Cells


  According to their knowledge of the invocer
• Immune response


  1. Sneeze

  2. Histamine

  3. Sensory neurons stimulans

  4. Allergies

  5. Excessive immune response

  6. Phagocytosis
• Phagocytosis


  • Engulf bacteria or other particles
• Memory cell


  Lymphocyte that remembers past antigens
• B cells


  Antibody producing cells
• B cells

  Fight against allergies
• IgE antibodies


  Produced by cells of the immune system
• Mast cells


  Release chemicals like histamine
• Histamine released by mast cells

  Causes allergic reactions (redness, itching, edema, pain, and bronchoconstriction)
• Cellular components of the immune system

  • Neutrophils
  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes
• Neutrophils


  • First responders to sites of inflammation or infection
• Monocytes


  • Differentiate into macrophages
• Adrenocortical hormones (steroids) help relieve symptoms and reduce inflammation
• Erythroblast


  Precursor of red blood cells in red bone marrow
• Red blood cell production

  1. Progenitor cell

  2. Erythroblast

  3. Enucleation

  4. Reticulocyte

  5. Red blood cell
• Macrophages


  • Involved in differentiation and maturation of erythroblasts
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa can divide and multiply even in the absence of nutrients
• Myelocytes


  Precursors of white blood cells
• Killer T cells


  Kill cells infected with virus, cancer, etc.
• NK cells


  Patrol the body to find and kill cancer cells
• Cancer cells


  Release inflammatory agents that draw in nutrient-rich blood vessels, making them hard to control
• Cancer cells have no boundaries and can infiltrate lymph vessels and expand into the blood vessels and tissues
• Hemolysis


  Destruction of red blood cells
• Red blood cells use dextrose (glucose) as their only source of energy
• Venous valves


  • Prevent backflow of blood
• Pulmonary circulation


  Pumps blood to the lungs
• Systemic circulation


  Circulates blood throughout the body
• Thymocytes


  Precursors of T cells in the thymus
• Helper T cells


  Activate and direct the immune response
• Suppressor T cells


  Prevent other T cells from losing control
• the cell membrane is the outermost layer that separates the inside from outside