anaphysio 2

• Digestive system

  • Increases smooth muscle mobility (peristalsis) and amount of secretion by digestive system glands
  • Relaxes sphincters
• Digestive system

  • Decreases activity and constricts digestive system sphincters (for example, anal sphincter)
• Liver

  No effect
• Liver

  Causes glucose to be released to blood
• Lungs

  • Constricts bronchioles
• Lungs

  • Dilates bronchioles
• Urinary bladder/urethra

  • Relaxes sphincters (allows voiding)
• Urinary bladder/urethra

  • Constricts sphincters (prevents voiding)
• Kidneys

  No effect
• Kidneys

  Decreases urine output
• Heart

  • Decreases rate; slows and steadies
• Heart


  • Increases rate and force of heartbeat
• Blood vessels

  • No effect on most blood vessels
• Blood vessels

  • Constricts blood vessels in viscera and skin (dilates those in skeletal muscle and heart); increases blood pressure
• Glands—salivary, lacrimal, gastric

  • Stimulates; increases production of saliva, tears, and gastric juice
• Glands—salivary, lacrimal, gastric

  • Inhibits; result is dry mouth and dry eyes
• Eye (iris)

  • Stimulates constrictor muscles; constricts pupils
• Eye (iris)

  • Stimulates dilator muscles; dilates pupils
• Eye (ciliary muscle)


  • Stimulates to increase bulging of lens for close vision
• Eye (ciliary muscle)

  • Inhibits; decreases bulging of lens; prepares for distant vision
• Adrenal medulla

  No effect
• Adrenal medulla

  Stimulates medulla cells to secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine
• Sweat glands of skin

  • No effect
• Sweat glands of skin

  Stimulates to produce perspiration
• Arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles

  • No effect
• Arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles

  Stimulates; produces "goose bumps"
• Penis


  • Causes erection due to vasodilation
• Penis


  Causes ejaculation (emission of semen)
• Cellular metabolism


  • No effect
• Cellular metabolism

  Increases metabolic rate; increases blood sugar levels; stimulates fat breakdown
• Adipose tissue

  No effect
• Adipose tissue


  Stimulates fat breakdown