Oxygenation PPT

• Oxygenation


  Supplying oxygen to the body cells
• Needed to sustain life?

  Oxygen
• Respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during cellular metabolism
• Airways of the lung transfer oxygen from the atmosphere to the alveoli, where the oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide
• Through the alveolar capillary membrane, oxygen transfers to the blood and carbon dioxide transfers from the blood to the alveoli
• Hypoventilation


  Occurs when alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet oxygen demand of the body or eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide
• Hyperventilation


  State of ventilation in which lungs remove carbon dioxide faster than its produced cellular metabolism
• Hypoxia


  Inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level
• Physiological Factors affecting oxygenation

  • Decreased Oxygen-Carrying Capacity
  • Hypovolemia
  • Decreased Inspired Oxygen Concentration
  • Increased Metabolic Rate
• Conditions Affecting Chest Wall Movementthat also affect the oxygenation

  • Pregnancy
  • Obesity
  • Musculoskeletal Abnormalities
  • Trauma
  • Neuromuscular Diseases
  • Central Nervous System Alterations
• Alterations in Cardiac Functioning

  • Disturbances in conduction
  • Altered cardiac output
  • Impaired Valvular Function
  • Myocardial Ischemia
• Lifestyle Factors affecting oxygenation

  • Nutrition
  • Hydration
  • Exercise
  • Smoking
  • Substance Abuse
  • Stress
• Environmental Factors affecting oxygenation

  • Air pollution
  • Altitude
• Nursing History

  • Health Risk
  • Pain
  • Fatigue
  • Dyspnea
  • Cough
  • Allergies
  • Medications
  • Smoking
  • Respiratory Infections
• Nursing Diagnosis

  • Activity Intolerance
  • Decreased Cardiac Output
  • Fatigue
  • Impaired Gas Exchange
  • Ineffective Airway Clearance
  • Ineffective Breathing Pattern
  • Risk for Aspiration
• Dyspnea Management

  • Pharmacological measures
  • Oxygen therapy
  • Physical techniques
  • Psychosocial techniques
• Oxygen Therapy


  Also called Supplemental Oxygen - treatment that provides extra oxygen to breathe
• Oxygen Delivery Systems

  • Nasal cannula (prongs)
  • Simple face mask
  • Partial and non rebreather masks
  • Venturi mask
• Nasal cannula


  • FiO2 delivered: 24%-44%, Safe and simple, Drying to mucous membranes
• Simple face mask


  • FiO2 delivered: 35%-50%, Useful for short periods, Contraindicated for patients who retain CO2, May induce feelings of claustrophobia, Therapy interrupted with eating and drinking, Increased risk of aspiration
• Partial and non rebreather masks


  • FiO2 delivered: 60%-90%, Useful for short periods, Delivers increased FiO2, Easily humidifies O2, Does not dry mucos membranes, Hot and confining, May irritate skin, Tight seal necessary, Interferes with eating and talking, Bag may twist or kink, Should not totally deflate
• Venturi mask FiO2 delivered: 24%-50%, Provides specific amount of oxygen with humidity added, Administers low, constant O2, Mask and added humidity may irritate skin, Therapy interrupted with eating and drinking, Specific flow rate must be followed
• Tracheostomy Collar attaches to neck with elastic strap and can deliver high humidity and O2 via tracheostomy
• Airway Maintenance

  • Suctioning
  • Chest Physiotherapy
  • Nebulizer Therapy
• Chest Physiotherapy

  1. Chest percussion

  2. Vibration
• Postural Drainage


  Technique that involves laying/ sitting in certain positions to drain secretions from airways using gravity
• Nebulization


  Adds moisture or medications to inspired air, Delivers bronchodilators and mucolytic agents
• Hydration


  Maintaining adequate fluid intake
• Humidification


  Adding moisture to inspired air
• Partial and non rebreather masks


  Deliver 60%-90% FiO2 at 10-15 L/min. Useful for short periods. Easily humidifies O2. Does not dry mucos membranes.
• Partial and non rebreather masks


  Hot and confining; may irritate skin; tight seal necessary. Interferes with eating and talking. Bag may twist or kink; should not totally deflate.
• Venturi mask


  Provides 24%-50% FiO2. Provides specific amount of oxygen with humidity added. Administers low, constant O2.
• Venturi mask


  Mask and added humidity may irritate skin. Therapy interrupted with eating and drinking. Specific flow rate must be followed.
• Tracheostomy Collar


  Collar attaches to neck with elastic strap and can deliver high humidity and O2 via tracheostomy.
• Airway Maintenance

  • Suctioning
  • Chest Physiotherapy
  • Nebulizer Therapy
• Chest Physiotherapy

  • Chest percussion
  • Vibration
• NEBULIZATION


  Adds moisture or medications to inspired air. Delivers bronchodilators and mucolytic agents.
• HYDRATION


  Maintains adequate hydration
• HUMIDIFICATION


  Adds moisture to inspired air
• HUFF COUGH


  Stimulates a natural cough reflex. Effective for clearing central airways.