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• LITERATURE 


  litera (Latin) – “LETTER"

  • any form of writing, such as essays

  • whole body of literary work, often relating

  to a specific culture
• WHY USE LITERATURE?


  • Literature is authentic material.

  • Literature encourages interaction and creativity.

  • Literature expands language awareness.

  • Literature provides an avenue for students to

  learn about their own cultural heritage and the

  cultures of other people.

  • Literature educates the whole person.
• PROSE


  •Prosa (Latin) – “straightforward”

  •literary medium characterized by greater irregularity

  and variety of rhythm and its close resemblance to

  the patterns of everyday speech
• FICTION


  telling of stories which are not based on facts
• FABLE


  features animals, plants and inanimate objects, or forces of nature which are given human qualities, and that illustrate a moral which at the end may be expressed explicitly as a maxim
• PARABLE


  • illustrates a moral orreligious lesson

  • features human actors or agents
• FOLKTALE


  • body of expressive culture,

  including tales, oral history,

  popular beliefs

  •transmitted through

  memory and rather than

  by printed page
• LEGEND


  •fictitious narrative, usually

  about origin
• MYTH


  • sacred story usually

  concerning the origin of the

  world

  •involves the supernatural and

  serves to explain the natural

  phenomena

  • active beings are gods and

  heroes
• FAIRYTALE


  • a story that features folkloric

  characteristics such as

  fairies, goblins, elves, trolls,

  witches and giants, often

  involving far-fetched

  sequence of events

  • usually has a HAPPY ending
• SHORT STORY


  •that tends to be concise and

  less complex than novels

  • usually focuses on only one

  incident, has a single plot, a

  single setting, a limited number

  of characters and covers a

  short period of time
• NOVEL


  • a long written, fictional, prose often

  having a complex plot

  • usually divided into CHAPTERS
• EPISTOLARY


  Novel a novel told through the

  medium of letters by one or

  more of the characters
• GOTHIC


  Novel a pseudomedieval fiction

  having a prevailing

  atmosphere of mystery and

  terror
• ROMAN A CLEF


  a "novel with a KEY", that is,

  whose characters and plot are

  related to real-life happenings
• HISTORICAL


  novel

  • story set amidst historical events,

  pioneered by Sir Walter Scott

  • attempts to convey the spirit,

  manners, and social conditions of the

  past
• NOVEL OF MANNER


  • work of fiction that recreates a social

  worlds, conveying with finely detailed

  observation of customs, values and

  mores of a highly developed and

  complex society
• NOVALLETE


  • short prose fiction having a word

  count between 7,500 and 17, 500

  words in length

  • back in the day, the term referred to

  a story that was romantic or

  sentimental in character.
• NOVELLA


  • has a word count between 17, 500

  and 40, 000

  •first introduced in the early

  Renaissance

  • sometimes called a long short

  story or a short novel
• PROSE DRAMA 


  •literary work written in

  "PROSE" and intended for

  presentation by actors
• NON-FICTION


  telling of stories which are real or based on facts
• ESSAY


  a short literary composition

  often written from an author’s

  point of view

  Michel de Montaigne – first

  applied to his prose pieces the

  term essais
• BIOGRAPHY


  account of someone’s life

  written or produced by another

  person
• AUTOBIOGRAPHY


  an account of somebody’s life

  written by that person
• DIARY\JOURNAL


  • a personal record of events in

  somebody’s life
• PEOTRY


  •literary work written in verse
• NARRATIVE POETRY


  tells a story in richly imaginative and rhythmical

  language
• EPIC


  a long, narrative poem,

  divided into distinct parts and

  episodes containing details of

  heroic deeds and events
• BALLAD


  • a short narrative poem

  intended to be sung

  •told in a simple, serious story,

  usually had a
• METRICAL ROMANCE


  • a long, rambling love story,

  chivalry and religion in verse

  • most characteristic of the

  Middle Ages

  • Sir Gawain and the Green

  Knight
• METRICAL TALE 


  • short story in verse

  • simple, straightforward and

  realistic manner

  • The Canterbury Tales and The

  Decameron
• FREE VERSE


  • written without strict meter

  or rhyme
• BLANK VERSE


  • has regular rhythm and line

  but no rhyme

  • Macbeth

  •Hamlet
• IDYLL


  depicts simple pastoral or

  rural scenes and the life of

  a country folk
• LYRIC POETRY


  expresses personal thoughts and feelings
• ODE 


  most majestic type of lyric poetry

  • a long, lyric poem, serious and

  dignified in subject written to

  celebrate an event, person, being

  or power
• ELEGY


  a mournful or reflective poem

  composed as a lament for

  someone who has died
• SONG


  short lyric poem intended to be

  sung, features words called LYRICS
• SONNET


  poem with 14 lines, follows a strict

  rhyme scheme and structure

  • Sonnet 116 (William Shakespeare),

  How Do I Love Thee (Elizabeth

  Barrett Browning)
• NURSERY RHYM


  •traditional song or

  poem taught to young

  children