Science

• The amoeba observed was a single-celled organism, so unicellular
• Humans are made of many cells, so multicellular
• Modern cell theory


  1. The cell is the smallest living unit in all organisms
  2. All living things are made of cells (one or more cells)
  3. All cells come from other, pre-existing cells
• Prokaryotes


  Bacteria and Archaea, have no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles
• Eukaryotes


  Plants, animals, fungi, protists, have membrane-bound organelles including a nucleus
• Getting through the cell membrane

  Selectively permeable, controls what goes in and out, maintains homeostasis
• Cytoplasm


  Jelly-like material that surrounds the cell's internal structures
• Cytoskeleton


  Collection of fibers that provide support and enable movement
• Ribosomes


  Non-membrane bound organelles that make proteins
• Nucleus


  Holds the genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities
• Nucleolus


  Where ribosomes are produced
• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)


  Processes and transports molecules, rough ER has ribosomes attached
• Golgi apparatus


  Packages and sorts materials, determines where they are sent
• Mitochondria


  Power plant that makes ATP energy through cellular respiration
• Chloroplasts


  Organelles in plant cells that make glucose through photosynthesis
• Vacuoles


  Storage organelles, plant cells have a large central vacuole, animal cells have smaller vacuoles
• Cell wall


  Additional layer around plant cells that provides protection and shape
• Protein secretion


  Made by ribosomes, transported through ER and Golgi, then secreted from cell