pr1

• a technique of gathering data whereby you personally watch, interact, or communicate with the subjects of your research.

  observation
• Through this data gathering technique, proofs to support your claims or conclusions about your topic are obtained in a natural setting.

  observation
• types of observation

  Participant Observation

  Non-participation or Structured Observation
• The observer, who is the researcher, takes part in the activities of the individual or group being observed. Your actual involvement enables you to obtain firsthand knowledge about the subjects' behavior and the way they interact with one another.

  Participant Observation
• THIS TYPE OF OBSERVATION COMPLETELY DETACHES YOU FROM THE TARGET OF YOUR OBSERVATION.

  Non-participation or Structured Observation
• RECORDING OF NON- PARTICIPATION OBSERVATIONS HAPPENS THROUGH THE USE OF A CHECKLIST. OTHERS CALL THIS CHECKLIST AN _

  OBSERVATION SCHEDULE.
• methods of observation

  direct observation

  indirect observation
• This observation method makes you see or listen to everything that happens in the area of observation.

  direct observation
• THIS METHOD IS ALSO CALLED BEHAVIOR ARCHAEOLOGY BECAUSE, HERE, YOU OBSERVE TRACES OF PAST EVENTS TO GET INFORMATION OR A MEASURE OF BEHAVIOR, TRAIT, OR QUALITY OF YOUR SUBJECT.

  indirect observation
• a data-gathering technique that makes you verbally ask the subjects or respondents questions to give answers to what your research study is trying to look for.

  interview
• types of interview

  Structured Interview

  Unstructured Interview

  Semi-Structured Interview
• This is an interview that requires the use of an interview schedule or a list of questions answerable with only one item from a set of alternative responses.

  structured interview
• In this type of interview, the respondents answer the questions based on what they personally think and feel about it.

  unstructured interview
• The characteristics of the first two types are found in the third type of interview called _

  semi-structured interview
• approaches of interview

  individual interview

  group interview

  mediated interview
• Only one respondent is interviewed here. The reason behind this interview is the lack of trust the interviewees have among themselves.

  individual interview
• This is a time-consuming type of interview because you have to interview a group of interviewees one by one.

  individual
• In this interview approach, you ask the question not to one person, but to a group of people at the same time.

  group interview
• No face-to-face interview is true for this interview approach because this takes place through electronic communication devices such as telephones, mobile phones, email, among others.

  mediated interview
• Overview of the design used for the study

  research design
• The plan or structure for conducting a study whether it is experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational, case study, exploratory, descriptive, phenomenology, ethnography, etc.

  research design
• Summarizes the set of procedures that the researcher will use to obtain data to answer the research problems

  research design
• This refers to the descriptive study of how individuals experience a phenomenon.

  phenomenology
• This is the discovery and description of the culture of a group of people, and originates in the discipline of the anthropology.

  ethnography
• This is the detailed account and analysis of one or more cases.

  case study
• The _ method often involves simply observing what happens to, or reconstructing ‘the case history’ of a single participant or group of individuals.

  case study
• This is the development of inductive, “bottoms-up,” theory that is “grounded” directly in the empirical data.

  grounded theory
• _ can also be used to test or elaborate upon previously grounded theories, as long as the approach continues to be one of constantly grounding any changes in the new data.

  Grounded theory
• A _ is considered an exhaustive account of a life experience, it is the collection and analysis of an intensive account of a whole life or portion of a life, usually by an in-depth, unstructured interview.

  biographical study
• _ emphasizes the placement of the individual within a center of social connections, historical within a center of social connections, historical events, and life experiences (the life

  history).

  Biographical approach
• Included only if the setting is of particular significance or importance

  SETTING/LOCALE OF THE STUDY
• Includes the number and relevant characteristics of the respondents as well as the sampling plan and technique

  RESPONDENTS/ PARTICIPANTS
• respondents = survey

  quantitative
• participants = interview, FGD, KII

  qualitative
• This section discusses the data gathering tool that is used in the

  study

  instrumentation
• Discuss how many sections/ parts, what are the parts, how many

  questions etc.

  instrumentation
• Contains the process used when conducting the actual study

  data gathering procedure
• Includes the step-by-step “recipe” beginning with how the subjects were contacted all the way to how the data were collected

  data gathering procedure
• refers to your method or process of selecting respondents or people to answer questions meant to yield data for a research study.

  sampling
• The bigger group from where you choose the sample size

  population