2.4

• Logic


  The study of the methods and principles used to discriminate correctly from incorrect reasoning
• Declarative sentence


  A sentence whose main verb is indicative
• Statement


  A declarative sentence that is either true or false but cannot be both
• Statement


  • Can be simple or compound
• Simple statement


  A statement that conveys a single idea
• Compound statement


  A statement that conveys two or more ideas
• Connectives


  Used to create compound statements, e.g. and, or, if...then, if and only if
• Symbols used to represent simple and compound statements: p, q, r, s

  
• Symbols used for connectives: ^, v, →, ↔, ~
• Negation symbol (~) reverses the truth value of a statement
• Quantifiers


  Operators that tell us which elements of the universe of discourse are being applied to an open sentence
• Types of Quantifiers

  • Universal quantifier (for all)
  • Existential quantifier (there exists)
• Truth Values


  true or false and depends on the simple statement
• Truth Table


  table that shows the truth values
• Types of Statement

  • Negation
  • Conjunction
  • Disjunction
  • Conditional
  • Biconditional
• Conjunction


  Both given must be True (T) and if naay isa False kay False siya
• Disjunction


  if naay isa sa given nga True kay True siya
• Conditional


  If both given are the same, it is true. if the second given is True, then it is true
• Biconditional


  if both given are the same, eg. T&T, F&F therefore it is true