Chem-1.diffusion

• Diffusion


  Particles move from higher concentration to lower concentration
• Diffusion


  • Can be affected by temperature
  • Can be affected by molecular mass
• Temperature increases


  Diffusion will be faster because particles gain energy
• Molecular mass increases


  Diffusion will be slower
• Brownian motion


  Random movement of particles in a liquid or gas produced by large numbers of collisions with smaller, often invisible particles
• Melting (solid to liquid)

  1. Temperature increases so particles gain energy

  2. Force becomes less

  3. Particles begin to move from vibration
• Boiling (liquid to gas)

  1. Temperature increases more so particles gain more energy

  2. Force becomes very less

  3. Particles begin to move far apart
• Condensation


  1. Temperature decrease so particles lose energy

  2. Force becomes stronger

  3. Particles began to move closer
• Freezing


  1. Temperature decrease more so particles lose energy

  2. Force become very stronger

  3. Particles began to move very closer
• Sublimation


  Solid directly change to gas or gas directly change to solid
• Sublimation


  • Iodine
  • Solid carbon dioxide
• During a state change, there is no temperature glance
• Kinetic energy increases during a state change
• Melting


  1. Temperature increase so particles gain energy

  2. Force become less

  3. Particles began to move from vibration
• Boiling


  1. Temperature increase more so particles gain energy

  2. Force become very less

  3. Particles began to move far apart
• Boiling happens


  At specific temperature
• Evaporation happens


  At any temperature
• Boiling happens


  At bottom of the water
• Evaporation happens


  At surface of the water
• Diffusion


  Particles move from higher concentration to lower concentration
• Factors affecting diffusion


  • Temperature (if temperature increase, diffusion will be faster because particle gain energy)
  • Molecular mass (if mass is increase, diffusion will be slower)
• Brownian motion


  Random movement of particles in a liquid or a gas produced by large numbers of collisions with smaller, often invisible particles
• State diagram


  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• Arrangement of particles


  • Regular arrangement
  • Vibrate about a fixed position
  • Randomly arranged
• Movement of particles


  • Move around each other
  • Move quickly in all directions
• Closeness of particles


  • Very close
  • Close
  • Far apart