genbio q1

• The majority of the CO2 is released during – citric acid cycle.
• Cellular respiration processes that do not use O2 are called – anaerobic
• The positively charged hydrogen ions that are released from the glucose during cellular respiration eventually combine with an oxygen ion to form water.
• The Krebs Cycle, ETC are biochemical pathways performed in which eukaryotic organelle? mitochondrion
• Anaerobic pathways that oxidize glucose to generate ATP energy by using an organic molecule as the ultimate hydrogen acceptor are called – fermentation
• When skeletal muscle cells function anaerobically, they accumulate the compound lactic acid, which causes muscle soreness.
• Each molecule of fat can release larger amount of ATP, compared with a molecule of glucose.
• In complete accounting of all ATPs produced in aerobic respiration, a total of 38 ATPs: 34 from the ETC, 2 from glycolysis, and 2 from the Krebs cycle.
• The chemical activities that remove electrons from glucose result in the glucose being oxidized.
• Which of the following is NOT True of the citric acid cycle? It includes the preparatory reaction.
• Oxidative phosphorylation • A process occurring in mitochondria and accounts for majority of the ATP production
• NADH and FADH2 • These are electron acceptor molecules that contain high-energy electrons. They transport the electrons to ETC to produce many more ATPs by oxidative phosphorylation
• ATP synthase • Is an enzyme that is responsible for the great production of ATPs
• Krebs cycle • Completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and produces 2 ATP.
• Glycolysis • Means “sugar-splitting” that occurs in the cytosol of the cell. It does not require oxygen to breakdown glucose into pyruvate
• Fermentation and anaerobic respiration enable the cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen.
• The term cellular respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic processes.
• Fermentation is a incomplete degradation of sugars or other fuel that occurs without the use of oxygen.
• An electron transport system consists of a number of molecules, majority are proteins, located in the cristae or folds of mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membrane of aerobic prokaryotes.
• Pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis are the metabolic stages reserved for cellular respiration.
• The breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide is completed in the krebs cycle.
• ATP synthase is the enzyme that makes the bulk of the ATP from ADP and Pi by chemiosmosis
• ATP synthase uses the energy of an existing hydrogen ion gradient to power ATP synthesis.
• Phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP stores at least 7.3 kcal pero molecule of ATP.
• Glycolysis generates 2 ATP whether oxygen is present or not, whether the conditions are aerobic and anaerobic