GE9

• Painting mediums


  • Oil
  • Fresco
  • Acrylic
  • Poster colors
  • Watercolor
  • Tempera
  • Pastel
  • Encaustic
• Oil painting


  • Binding agent: Linseed oil
  • Advantages: Slow drying time, blendable, rich colors, long-lasting
  • Disadvantages: Strong odor, requires solvents for cleaning, can yellow over time
• Fresco

  • Binding agent: Plaster
  • Advantages: Durable, integrates with the wall surface, suitable for large-scale works
  • Disadvantages: Limited color range, requires quick execution due to the drying nature of plaster
• Acrylic painting

  • Binding agent: Polymer
  • Advantages: Fast drying time, versatile, can be used on various surfaces, water-soluble, durable
  • Disadvantages: Can be less vibrant than oil paints, may dry too quickly on the palette
• Poster colors


  • Binding agent: Not specified
  • Advantages: Affordable, vibrant colors, easy to use, suitable for beginners
  • Disadvantages: Less durable than other mediums, may fade over time
• Watercolor

  • Binding agent: Gum arabic
  • Advantages: Transparent, delicate washes, portable, quick drying time
  • Disadvantages: Unforgiving, difficult to correct mistakes, can be challenging for beginners
• Tempera

  • Binding agent: Egg yolk
  • Advantages: Smooth, quick drying time, suitable for detailed work, can be used on various surfaces
  • Disadvantages: Not as durable as oil paints, can crack over time
• Pastel

  • Binding agent: Not applicable, as pastels are dry and do not require a binder
  • Advantages: Rich, vibrant colors, no drying time, can be blended and layered easily
  • Disadvantages: Fragile, can smudge easily, requires fixative for preservation
• Encaustic

  • Binding agent: Beeswax
  • Advantages: Versatile, can be layered and textured, durable, can be reworked easily
  • Disadvantages: Requires heat for application, can be toxic if not used properly
• Painting subjects


  • Portraiture
  • Still life
  • Country life
  • Landscape
  • Cityscape
  • Event
  • Religious
• Portraiture

  Image of persons and animals, often using oil paints or acrylics for detailed and realistic representations, can capture the essence and personality of the subject
• Still life

  Inanimate objects, artists can use a variety of mediums depending on their preferred style and desired effects, can include everyday objects, food, flowers, or other items arranged in a visually appealing way
• Country life

  e.g., barrio fiesta, rice harvest, artists may choose to depict using a range of mediums such as oil paints for a realistic approach or watercolors for a more delicate and impressionistic style, often showcase the traditions, customs, and natural beauty of rural areas
• Landscape

  Outdoor scene, can be created using various mediums such as oil paints and watercolors to capture the natural elements and atmosphere, a favorite subject of Chinese and Japanese painters
• Cityscape

  Artists can use a variety of mediums such as acrylics for a bold and vibrant representation or watercolors for a more subtle and atmospheric approach, often showcase the architecture, energy, and unique characteristics of urban environments
• Event


  e.g., Spoliarium, artists may choose to depict using a range of mediums depending on the desired style and atmosphere, can include historical moments, celebrations, or significant occurrences that hold cultural or personal importance
• Religious


  Religious subjects have been a popular theme in art throughout history, artists have used various mediums such as fresco, oil, and tempera to depict these subjects, often depicting scenes from religious texts, stories, or figures of worship, serving as a source of inspiration and reflection
• Major painting styles


  • Realism
  • Impressionism
  • Post-Impressionism
  • Fauvism
  • Expressionism
  • Cubism
• Realism


  An art movement that emerged in the mid-19th century, aims to represent subject matter truthfully with a focus on precise, detailed, and accurate representation, not only depicted everyday life but also social issues and the working class
• Impressionism


  A 19th-century art movement characterized by small, thin yet visible brush strokes, open composition, and an emphasis on the accurate depiction of light and its changing qualities, Impressionist artists often painted en plein air (outdoors) to capture the fleeting effects of light and atmosphere
• Post-Impressionism


  Developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a response to Impressionism, Post-Impressionist artists focused on abstract form and pattern, often distorting images and disregarding natural colors
• Fauvism


  The first important art movement of the 20th century, with Henri Matisse as its leader, Fauvist artists aimed to paint pictures of comfort, joy, and pleasure, using extremely bright and non-naturalistic colors
• Expressionism


  A modernist movement that originated in Germany in the early 20th century, Expressionist artists aimed to represent the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect and expressing meaning rather than physical reality
• Cubism


  An early 20th-century art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, pioneered by George Braque and Pablo Picasso, characterized by its abstract form, which is achieved through the use of cones, cylinders, and spheres at the expense of other pictorial elements, instead of depicting objects from a single perspective, the artist represents the subject from multiple perspectives to provide a greater context
• Cubism


  • Pioneered by George Braque and Pablo Picasso
  • Other notable artists: Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger, and Juan Gris
  • Considered the most influential art movement of the 20th century
• Cubism


  • Characterized by its abstract form, achieved through the use of cones, cylinders, and spheres at the expense of other pictorial elements
  • Represents the subject from multiple perspectives to provide a greater context
  • Two distinct phases: Analytical Cubism (pre-1912) and Synthetic Cubism (post-1912)
• Notable Cubist works


  • Les Demoiselles d'Avignon by Pablo Picasso
  • Portrait of Pablo Picasso
  • The Weeping Woman and Girl before a Mirror
• Dadaism


  An art movement that emerged during World War I as a negative reaction to the horrors of the war
• Dadaism


  • Aimed to reject reason and logic, instead valuing nonsense, irrationality, and intuition
  • Characterized by anti-war politics, anti-bourgeois stance, and affiliation with the radical left
• Irrationality and Nonsense in Dadaism


  Embraced as a way to ridicule the logic that had led to war, seen in artworks, performances, and manifestos that defied traditional understanding and interpretation
• Notable Dadaist works


  • Fountain and Mona Lisa by Marcel Duchamp
• Surrealism

  A cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, influenced by the Dada movement
• Surrealism


  • Surrealist artists created works featuring illogical scenes, sometimes with photographic precision, and strange creatures from everyday objects
  • Goal was to express the unconscious and explore the boundaries between dream and reality
  • Adopted Dada's preoccupation with the bizarre, the irrational, and the fantastic, as well as its reliance on accident and chance
• Paris, France, became the hub of the Surrealist movement, with many key figures and events taking place in the city
• Notable Surrealist works


  • The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali
  • Mama Papa is Wounded by Yves Tanguy
  • The Barbarians by Max Ernst
  • The Son of Man
• Abstractionism


  A style of art where the artist becomes so interested in one phase of a scene or a situation that they do not show the subject at all but only their idea or feelings about it
• Abstractionism


  • Can exist in all art to a certain degree
  • The term "abstract" means to separate or withdraw something from something else
  • Can be applied to art that is based on an object, figure, or landscape, where forms have been simplified or schematized
  • Can also use forms, such as geometric shapes or gestural marks, which have no source at all in an external visual reality
• Abstractionism techniques


  • Distortion, elongation, and mangling
• Pop Art


  An art movement that emerged in Britain and the US during the mid-to-late 1950s, characterized by the use of images of popular culture, often taken from advertising
• Pop Art


  • Marked a significant shift in modernism's direction by reviving recognizable motifs from media and popular culture
  • Was a response to the postwar era's commodity-driven values, often using commonplace objects as subject matter or as part of the work
  • Easily recognizable due to its vibrancy and unique characteristics