ZOOLOGY

• Zoology

  • Zoion - animal
• Zoology

  • logia - to study
• Zoology - animal science; scientific study of animals
• Taxonomy - arrangement law; the science of classifying organisms into groups based on shared characteristics
• Linnean System - the taxonomic classification system
• Carolus Linnaeus - inventor of the taxonomic classification system
• Three Domains of Life

  • Eukaryota - membrane bound
  • Bacteria - photosynthetic
  • Archaea - extremophiles
• Label the Taxonomy Classification

  A) Domain

  B) Kingdom

  C) Phylum

  D) Class

  E) Order

  F) Family

  G) Genus

  H) Species

  
• Binomial Nomenclature - A system of naming organisms that uses the genus and species name
• Binomial Nomenclature

  • Genus - should come first; first letter in capital letter
  • Species - follows next; should be in small letter
• Should the scientific name be italiziced?

  yes
• Kingdom Animalia - Metazoa; a broad range of animal species from tiny parasitic nematodes to the largest of mammals, the blue whale
• Metazoa - group of multicellular organisms with eukaryotic cells
• Kingdom Animalia - multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic
• • Herbivores - plants
  • Carnivores - meat
  • Saprobes - decaying matter
  • Detritivores - dead organisms
• Animal Reproduction - The process of producing offspring from an animal.
• Asexual Reproduction - no need for fertilization of sex cells to produce an offspring; produce genetically identical copies
• Sexual Reproduction - gametes unite; produces genetically unique offspring
• Asexual Reproduction

  • Budding - New offspring begins as an outgrowth of the parent
• Asexual Reproduction:

  • Budding - may form a colony and stay attached or break away and begin an independent life
  • example: Hydra
• Asexual Reproduction:

  • Fragmentation - spontaneously break into many separate pieces which then regrow into a complete new animal; when cut, becomes new organism
• Asexual Reproduction:

  • Fragmentation example - flatworm
• Asexual Reproduction:

  • Regeneration - form of reproduction but also used to replace missing or damaged parts
  • example: lizard, starfish
• Asexual Reproduction:

  • Polyembryony - two or more embryos (result of sexual reproduction) develop from a single fertilized egg, forming clones
  • example: nine-banded aramdillo
• Asexual Reproduction:

  • Parthenogenesis - virgin birth; the egg cell will develop into a new organism without the help of sperm cell or without fertilization
• Sexual Reproduction:

  • Monoecious Animals - Hermaphrodites; contains both male and female reproductive organs
• Sexual Reproduction:

  • Dioecious Animals - produce either male or female organs and gametes but never both at the same time
• Sexual Reproduction:

  • Protandry and Protogyny - switch their sex based on environmental cues (such as temperature and leadership in colony)
• Sexual Reproduction:

  • Protandry - develop first as male then switch to female
• Sexual Reproduction:

  • Protogyny - develop first as female then switch to male
• Sexual Reproduction:

  • Protandry and Protogyny example - clownfish
• Sexual Reproduction:

  • Sexual Dimorphism - the difference in structure and color between genders; the systematic difference in form between individuals of different sex in the same species