21st century

• Queer Theory


  (as literary criticism) interprets and critiques the representation of LGBTQIA++ identities and themes in literature, often challenging heteronormative perspective and binary categorization of gender and sexuality
• Teresa De Lauretis


  • Italian-American scholar known for her contributions to feminist theory, and queer theory
  • Believes "Queer" is an umbrella term for all other genders, and that, they can be studied as one entity
• DepEd issued an order to protect children from violence, abuse, and exploitations regardless of sexual orientation and gender identity
• Members of LGBTQ+ community are still subject to discrimination
• The issue about LGBTQ++ is not being discussed in a broader sense or in the classroom
• Difficulties faced by LGBTQ++

  • Lack of employment opportunities
  • Prejudice when accessing health care
  • Housing
  • Education
• In the Philippines, there is no national law that recognizes LGBTQ rights but many local government units have ordinances that go against LGBTQ discrimination
• In Mandaluyong, ordinances prohibit discriminatory acts such as denying/limiting employment-related access, denying access to public programs, refusing admission, expelling student due to their SOGIE, verbal/written abuse, unjust detention
• Crossing gender and transvestism were cultural, exemplified by babaylans
• Babaylan


  Precolonial priestesses in the Philippines, ancient expression of queerness
• Asog


  Biological male who became priestess
• Bayuk/Bayugin/Bayogin

  a man who is cowardly and is commonly said to dress in women's clothes or a skirt; effeminate; sissy; coward
• The Love of Books

  Poem by L. Lacambra Ypil, an award-winning Cebuano poet and essayist whose work explores the intersection of text and image, and the role of material culture in the construction of cultural identity
• The Love of Books

  • Poem by L. Lacambra Ypil
• Two boys reading books together under the same lamp


  Reminds the poet of a nostalgic feeling, a sense of innocence and intimacy through intellectual connection
• Two boys reading books together


  Suggests a sense of equality, not judging or pressuring to conform to fixed gender roles and expectations
• The story hasn't ended yet, the book is left half-opened face to face, meant to mean they read what can't be said by hand when they're not reading
• “babai”

  • woman
• belian

  spirit [classical malay]