physical education and health reviewer

• Athletics


  A group of sporting events that involves competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking
• Common types of athletics competitions


  • Track and field
  • Road running
  • Cross country running
  • Racewalking
• Etymology of "athletics"


  Derived from the Greek words "Athlon" meaning "prize" and "Athlos" meaning "contest"
• The only event at the first Olympics in 776 BC was the stadium-length foot race or "stade"
• Starting blocks


  Running equipment that provides support for the sprinter's feet at the start of the race so they can push off for a better race start and acceleration phase
• Lead legal and trail leg


  Leg position used in hurdles, the front leg and the back leg
• Pocket socket


  The arms play a significant yet often overlooked role in sprinting and speed. What is the arm action used in running
• Steeplechase


  Uses five trails in the steeplechase event
• Types of athletics


  • Track events
  • Field events
  • Road running
  • Cross country running
  • Racewalking
• Track events


  • Often involve a field or a running track, of varying measurements. Typically held on a 400 meter track. Include sprints, middle distance events, long distance events, hurdles, and relays

  
• Track


  The 400m standard track has straight and curved sections of almost equal length and uniform bends which are most suitable to the athletes. The track comprises 2 semicircles, each with a radius of 36.50m, which are joined by two straights, each 84.39m in length. The track has 8, 6 or occasionally 4 lanes but the last is not used for international running competition. All lanes have a width of 1.22m ± 0.01m.

  
• Track event categories


  • Sprints (100m to 400m)
  • Middle distance (800m to 3000m)
  • Long distance (5000m and 10000m)
  • Hurdles
  • Relays
• Sprints


  Racing events involving distances ranging from 100 meters to 400 meters
• Middle distance


  Events ranging from 800 meters to 3000 meters. The standard distances are multiples of 8 i.e. 800 meters, 1600 meters and 3200 meters.
• Long distance


  Events include marathons or an event covering more than 5,000 meters. The standard distances for long distance springs are 5,000 meters and 10,000 meters.
• Hurdles


  A highly specialized form of obstacle racing, where barriers known as hurdles are set at precisely measured heights and distances. Each athlete must pass over the hurdles.
• Prominent hurdles events


  110 meters hurdles for men, 100 meters hurdles for women, and 400 meters hurdles for both sexes
• Relays


  A type of running race in which athletes compete as a team rather than as individuals. One runner will run some of the distances passing the baton (A hollow cylinder of wood or plastic) to the next runner so that the next runner completes the next set of tracks.
• Types of relays


  • Long distance relays
  • Shuttle hurdle relay
  • Medley relay
• Long distance relays


  Have 5 to 36 legs, each usually between 5 and 10 km (3.1 and 62 miles) long, though sometimes as long as 16 km (9.9 mi)
• Shuttle hurdle relay


  A Men's and Women's competition that is part of Relay. A mixed version was introduced at the 2019 IAAF World Relays, it consists of a race in which men and two women on each team, are running a 110m hurdles.
• Medley relay


  Events are also occasionally held in track meets, usually consisting of teams of four runners running progressively longer distances. Distance Medley Relay consists of four legs run at distances of 1200, 400, 800, and 1600 meters, in that order. Sprint Medley Relay usually consists of four legs run at distances of 400, 200, 200, and 800 meters, though a more uncommon variant of 200, 100, 100 and 400 meters (sometimes called a short sprint medley) also exists.
• Steeplechase


  An obstacle race in athletics, which derives its name from the steeplechase in horse racing. There are three main distances: 1500 meters, 2000 meters, and 3000 meters. The steeplechase is a race run around the track as a normal long distance race, but there are barriers and water jumps.
• Field events


  Among the most exciting sports in the world of athletics. They combine strength, technique, speed, grace, power, flexibility and competitiveness. Consist of throwing events and jumping events.
• Throwing events


  • Discus throw
  • Shot put
  • Javelin throw
  • Hammer throw
• Discus throw


  A track and field event where the athlete will attempt to throw a heavy disc (called a discus) as far as possible.
• Shot put


  A track and field event where the athlete will "put" (but more like throwing) a shot - a heavy metal ball, the farthest that they can without leaving the circle that is 7 feet wide.
• Javelin throw


  Part of the track and field event. A javelin or a spear about 8 feet long is used to throw for maximum distance. The participant runs first within a predetermined area and then throws the javelin.
• Hammer throw


  One of the events in track and field competitions. A heavy object on the end of a thin wire is hurdled for maximum distance. The game dates back to the 15th century and is one of the oldest events in the Olympics Games.
• Jumping events


  • Long jump
  • High jump
• Long jump


  A sport of the track and field discipline in which athletes try to leap forward as far as possible. The event is known to be part of ancient Olympics, and has been a part of modern Olympics since its inception in 1896.
• High jump


  The participants attempt to jump over a horizontal bar placed up high.
• Shot put


  A heavy metal ball that is thrown (but more like putting) as far as possible without leaving a 7-foot wide circle
• Shot put


  • The athlete should put the shot farther than their competitors to win
• Javelin throw


  A track and field event where a javelin or spear about 8 feet long is thrown for maximum distance
• Javelin throw


  • The participant runs first within a predetermined area and then throws the javelin
• Hammer throw


  A track and field event where a heavy object on the end of a thin wire is hurled for maximum distance
• Hammer throw dates back to the 15th century and is one of the oldest events in the Olympics Games
• Long jump


  A track and field event where athletes try to leap forward as far as possible
• The long jump has been part of the modern Olympics since its inception in 1896