ENZYMES AND VITAMINS

• Enzymes


  Catalysts that are not consumed in the reactions
• Enzymes


  • They are proteins that act as a catalyst for biochemical reactions
  • The human body has 1000s of enzymes
  • They are the most effective catalysts known
  • Most enzymes are globular proteins
  • A few enzymes are now known to be ribonucleic acids (RNA)
  • They undergo all the reactions of proteins including denaturation
• Enzyme activity


  Dramatically affected by alterations in pH, temperature, and other protein denaturants
• en


  in
• zyme


  yeast
• Simple enzymes


  Composed only of protein (amino acid chains)
• Conjugated enzymes


  Has a nonprotein part in addition to a protein part
• Apoenzyme


  Protein part of a conjugated enzyme
• Cofactor


  Nonprotein part of a conjugated enzyme
• Holoenzyme


  The biochemically active conjugated enzyme
• Formation of holoenzyme


  Apoenzyme + cofactor = holoenzyme (conjugated enzyme)