Envi scie Pollution

• Pollution is the contamination of the environment by humans adding any

  substance or energy.
• A pollutant is any matter or energy

  introduced by human activities that

  harms resident populations thus

  altering community structure.
• Biological magnification is the increase in concentration of a substance in successive members of a food chain.
• he movement on

  compounds (molecules)

  through trophic levels is

  called trophic transfer.
• Water pollution occurs

  when toxic substances enter water bodies such as oceans, lakes and rivers leading to

  the degradation of

  water quality and

  rendering it toxic to

  human health and the environment.
• 1. Domestic Wastes includes wastes from houses and different commercial establishments that usually contain nitrates and phosphates that are usually responsible for eutrophication.
• 2. Industrial Wastes contains large amounts of toxic

  chemicals.
• 3. Agricultural Wastes wastes such as

  fertilizers, farm animal wastes, and sediments contribute to the pollution of water since they contain nitrates and phosphates which are carried away by water runoff resulting to

  eutrophication.
• 1. Eutrophication- refers to the phenomenon in which enrichment

  of nutrients leads to the increase of algal population in a water body, thereby affecting the aquatic life.
• 2. Diseases- consuming polluted water can cause

  typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, methemoglobinemia, and various other diseases.
• Diseases - Cholera

  Typhoid Fever Methemoglobinemia
• Air pollution occurs

  when there is a

  release of air

  pollutants in the

  atmosphere and

  can bring global

  effects and is

  harmful to human

  health.
• 1. Industrial Pollutants Industrial chimneys and powerhouses such as;and hydrocarbons
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• 2. Automobiles the most significant

  contributor to air pollution
• 3. Burning of Fuels

  • found to produce two-thirds of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere, resulting to acid rain.
• 4. Agricultural Activities

  • associated with the burning of forest areas and grasslands to provide pastures and croplands for production.
• 1. Photochemical Smog

  • that usually occurs in urban areas that depends on primary pollutants as well as the formation of secondary pollutants.
• 2. Greenhouse

  Effect

  • The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon; however, the enhanced greenhouse effect occurs due to elevated air pollutants.
• Soil pollution -• defined as the presence of pollutants or contaminants in soil, in high enough concentrations to pose a risk to human health and the environment.
• 1. Mining Activities

  2. Waste and Sewage

  Generation Disposal

  3. Agricultural and Livestock

  Activities
• Effects of soil pollution - Impact on Ecosystem Services of

  Soil Pollution from Agriculture,

  Acidification and Crop Loss,

  Human Health Risks Associated with Soil Pollution