EL 107

Created by

Kenneth

Cards (45)

Reading 
A process of reconstructing meaning from written text. A complex skill requiring the coordination of interrelated sources of information.
Reading (definition) 
A cognitive process that involves decoding symbols to arrive at meaning
Reading 
A visual process that begins with one's ability to use one's vision to interpret graphic symbols
Reading 
An active process of constructing meanings of words. An interactive process between the reader and the text, in which readers use their knowledge to build, create, and construct meaning.
Traditional skills model view of reading
A bottom-up or data-driven processing model. Letters are perceived in a left to right sequence until a word is perceived as a whole; meaning is obtained and related to other words in the sentence, thus activating the dominant schema and its particular concepts.
Reading 
A process that involves recognizing words, leading to the development of comprehension
Reading comprehension 
The process of simultaneously constructing and extracting meaning through interaction and engagement with the text. The success of a comprehension event depends on a good match of reader, text difficulty, and task definition. An intentional, active, interactive process that occurs before, during, and after a person reads a particular piece of writing.
Reading comprehension 
Understanding what is read, where readers must be able to cognitively process the words by drawing meaning from their own experience and knowledge to understand the author's message.
Reading comprehension 
Activating or constructing schema that provides a coherent explanation of objects and events mentioned in discourse.
Reading comprehension 
An active interchange of ideas and expression of thought. A life skill involving creative and critical thinking skills of events through which the intended message and values are brought forth to reality.
Reading comprehension is very essential for successful functioning in our society
Purposes of reading 
Students' career
Language acquisition
Students' vocabulary knowledge
Modeling English writing
Introducing topics
Stimulating discussion
Benefits of reading 
You may absorb more from a physical book
You may develop skills for the future
It builds your vocabulary
It wards off brain deterioration
Reading has to be well-taught to the students and teaching strategies need to be judiciously selected
As prospective teachers, you need to be reminded of the important principles in teaching reading so that academic engagement becomes relevant and sustainable
Instructional principles in teaching reading
Building positive attitudes and perspectives
Provide a balanced instructional framework
Provide consistent instructional structure and use time effectively
Provide text that students can read successfully
Provide time for word study
Encourage independent reading
Coordinate intervention instruction and classroom instruction
Additional principles of teaching reading
Encourage students to read as often and as much as possible
Students need to be engaged with what they are reading
Encourage students to respond to the content of a text and explore their feelings about it, not just concentrate on its construction
Prediction is a major factor in reading
Match the task to the topic when using intensive reading texts, and good teachers exploit reading texts to the full
Theories of teaching reading
Traditional View
Cognitive View
Metacognitive View
Traditional View 
Focused on the printed form of a text
Cognitive View 
Enhanced the role of background knowledge in addition to what appeared on the printed page
Metacognitive View 
Based on the control and manipulation that a reader can have on the act of comprehending a text
Schema theory 
Past experiences lead to the creation of mental frameworks that help us make sense of new experiences
Strategies in schema theory
Pre-Reading (Predicting, Semantic Reconciled Reading)
During Reading (Skimming, Scanning, Note-taking Guess, Analyze, Vocabulary)
Post-Reading (Questions, Mind-Mapping and Summarizing)
Recall of information in a text is affected by the reader's schemata
To improve students' comprehension and enable them effectively and responsibly function in society, teaching strategies are highly paramount as these facilitate meaningful learning
Effective teaching strategies for reading 
Utilizing graphic organizers
Utilizing technology
Activating prior knowledge using a word wall
Student choice
Ways to help students develop good reading skills
Texts appeal to the senses
Guide students in setting reading goals
Vary text length
Offer opportunities for reading choice then assess content and skill
A supportive classroom context to promote comprehension must be developed
Ways to promote comprehension in daily literacy lessons
Ensure students read engaging texts for significant amounts of time
Select texts for students which support authentic learning
Provide a range of texts (multimodal, print-based, images, animation, graphic representations, video, audio, diagrams/charts, newspapers/magazines, fiction, non-fiction)
Identify and discuss vocabulary from rich texts with their students
Provide time for students to talk to each other
A lot of people think that reading as a tool subject is easy to learn and apply without knowing Its complexity
The ultimate goal of reading is comprehension
Easy it might seem but it bears challenges in the process of letting the students understand, analyze or even evaluate reading materials
Based on knowledge and experience of teaching reading, the following strategies/activities are found effective
Making students learn and enjoy as they understand and apply the reading skills to real life is an art
It needs to be carefully planned and meaningfully facilitated
Skills to be developed among the students
Noting Details
Following Directions
Sequencing Events
Distinguishing Fact from Opinion
Determining Cause and Effect Relationship
Predicting Outcomes
Getting the Main Idea
Skimming and Scanning
Noting Details 
Understanding the details will help you understand the selection better. Details guide the readers to understand parts of the whole
Sequencing Events 
The arrangement or proper organization of things and events. If responsibilities are done in proper sequence, things and people become organized and systematic
Distinguishing Fact from Opinion
A fact is an event situation that is proven and tested based on data while an opinion is a personal belief about a person/event or a situation that still needs to be proven
Predicting Outcomes 
Foretelling what future actions lie ahead based on the present situation. It is important to learn to prepare for future events so as not to be caught in an adverse situation