data

• Research Methodology


  The section of the research paper which explains why the researcher chose to use particular methods
• Research Approach

  • Qualitative Research
  • Quantitative Research
• Research Design

  A plan which structures a study to ensure that the data collected and generated will contain the information needed to answer the initial inquiry as fully and clearly as possible
• Research Design Types


  • Phenomenological
  • Historical
  • Case-Study
  • Grounded Theory
  • Meta-Analysis
  • Action Research
  • Ethnographical
  • Inductive Thematic
  • Discourse and Conversation
  • Narrative Analysis
  • Qualitative Descriptive
• Phenomenological


  • Study the lived experiences of the human that is usually not happening
• Ethnographical


  • Study the origins of the people and focus on studying the shared practice and beliefs of a group people in their natural context over a period of time
• Inductive-Thematic


  • Concerns with presenting the stories and experiences voiced by the participants
• Grounded Theory


  • A set of inductive data collection and analytic methods with the purpose of constructing theories grounded in the data themselves
• Historical Design


  • Focuses on the identification, location, evaluation, and synthesis of data or evidence from the past to confirm or reject a hypothesis
• Case-Study


  • An in-depth investigation of complex issues within specific context base on a very limited number of individual
• Discourse and Conversation Analysis


  • Study naturally occurring discourse and extract meaning from such discourse
• Narrative Analysis


  • Focuses on storytelling used as a source of data
• Action Research


  • Involves a cycle of identifying a problem regarding a situation or process, developing a strategy for intervention (the 'action') with the purpose of improving said situation or process, implementing the said intervention, and observing and analyzing the results until a sufficient level of understanding of (or valid solution to) the problem is achieved
• Qualitative Descriptive


  • Frequently used within mixed-methods studies where qualitative data can explain quantitative findings in explanatory studies, be used for questionnaire development in exploratory studies and validate and corroborate findings in convergent studies
  • Generates data that describe the 'who, what, and where of events or experiences' from a subjective perspective
• Lived Experiences


  A depiction of a person's experiences and decisions, as well as the knowledge gained from these experiences and choices
• Lived Experiences


  • General experiences
  • Terminologies
  • Advantages and disadvantages
  • Insights
  • Perceptions
  • Mitigations
• Basic Steps in Writing a Research Design

  1. Select

  2. Define

  3. Present

  4. Define

  5. Select

  6. Justify
• Method


  A technique that the researcher uses to gather and generate data about the subjects of their study
• Data Collection Methods


  • Individual Interviews
  • Group Interviews
  • Observation
  • Surveys & Questionnaires
• Interview


  Conversations that are designed to elicit the information that the researcher needs
• Types of Interview


  • Unstructured
  • Structured
  • Semi-Structured
• Unstructured Interview


  • The interviewer must be knowledgeable on the subject or topic of concern
  • Can be in the form of normal conversations or a freewheeling exchange of ideas
• Structured Interview


  • The conduct of questioning follows a particular progression and has a well-defined content
  • The interviewer does not ask questions that are not part of the questionnaire but he or she asks the interviewee to clarify his or her answers
• Semi-Structured Interview


  • There is a specific set of questions, but there are also additional probes that may come in the form of follow-up questions that are not included in the list of original questions
• Group Interview


  Conducted with several respondents simultaneously— ideally six to ten people
• Types of Group Interview

  • Focus Groups
  • Natural Groups
• Research Methodology


  The section of the research paper which explains why the researcher chose to use particular methods
• Observation


  Analyze behavior and social phenomena as they occur in their natural context, and may be useful in identifying discrepancies between what people say (such as in interviews) and what they do
• Research Approach


  • Qualitative Research
  • Quantitative Research
• Types of Observation


  • Structured Observations
  • Unstructured Observations
• Research Design


  A plan which structures a study to ensure that the data collected and generated will contain the information needed to answer the initial inquiry as fully and clearly as possible
• Structured Observations


  • The researcher devices a checklist as a data collection tool wherein expected behaviors of interest have been specified
  • The researcher just records the frequency of the occurrences of the behavior
• Research Design Types


  • Phenomenological
  • Historical
  • Case-Study
  • Grounded Theory
  • Meta-Analysis
  • Action Research
  • Ethnographical
  • Inductive Thematic
  • Discourse and Conversation
  • Narrative Analysis
  • Qualitative Descriptive
• Phenomenological


  • Study the lived experiences of the human that is usually not happening
• Unstructured Observations


  • Performed by the researcher as he or she tries to explain events without any preconceived ideas about what will be observed
  • The researcher observes things as they happen
• Ethnographical


  • Study the origins of the people and focus on studying the shared practice and beliefs of a group people in their natural context over a period of time
• Types of Questionnaires


  • Completion
  • Coding
  • Subjective
• Inductive-Thematic


  • Concerns with presenting the stories and experiences voiced by the participants
• Grounded Theory


  • A set of inductive data collection and analytic methods with the purpose of constructing theories grounded in the data themselves
• Completion Questionnaires


  • The respondents are asked to fill in the blanks with the necessary information
  • Questions are open-ended