CPHM MIDTERMS

• Community Public Health
• Lesson 1: Community Organization
• Community Health/Public Health


  The science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health and efficiency through organize community effort
• Two Broad Areas of Preventive Medicine

  • Environmental Sanitation
  • Control of Community Infection (Communicable Disease)
  • Education of the Individual in Principles of Personal Hygiene
  • Organization of Medical and Nursing Services for Early Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Diseases
  • Development of Social Machinery which will Ensure Everyone as Standard Living Adequate for Maintenance of Life
• Aspects of Health

  • Physical Health
  • Mental Health
  • Social Health
• Physical Health


  Refers to condition which enables a person to maintain a strong and healthy body
• Mental Health


  Refers to how a person thinks of himself, control his emotions and adjust to environment
• Social Health


  Refers to ways a person feels, think and acts towards everybody around him
• Health


  Successful defense of the host against forces landing to disturb body equilibrium
• Disease


  Failure of the body defense mechanism to cope with forces tending to disturb body equilibrium
• Determinants of Health


  • Income and Social Status
  • Education
  • Physical environment
  • Employment and Working Conditions
  • Social Support Networks
  • Culture
  • Genetics
  • Personal Behavior and Coping Skills
  • Health Services
  • Gender
• Primary Health Care (PHC)


  An approach to delivery of health care services
• Elements/Components of PHC


  • Environmental sanitation
  • Control of communicable disease
  • Immunization
  • Health Education
  • MCH and Family Planning
  • Adequate Food and Proper Nutrition
  • Provision of Medical Care and Emergency Treatment
  • Treatment of Locally Endemic Diseases
  • Provision of Essential Drugs
• Four Cornerstones/Pillars in PHC

  • Active community participation
  • Intra and inter-sectoral linkages
  • Use of appropriate technology
  • Support mechanism made available
• Levels of Health Care Referral System

  • Primary Level of Care
  • Secondary Level of Care
  • Tertiary Level of Care
• Three Levels of Primary Healthcare Workers

  • Village or Grassroots Health Workers
  • Intermediate Level Health Workers
  • First Line Hospital Personnel
• Concept of Community Health

  Working together to help people help themselves, not merely to survive but also achieve the maximum potential
• Four Priorities in Public Health

  • Survival of man
  • Prevention of condition which lead to destruction or retardation of human function and potential in the years of life
  • Achievement of human potential and prevention of the loss of productivity of young adults and those on the middle period of life
  • Improvement of the quality of life, especially in the later years
• Structure of the Philippine Healthcare Delivery System

  • National Health Services Medical Centers Teaching and Training Hospitals
  • Regional Health Services Regional Medical Centers and Training Hospitals
  • Provincial/City Health Services Provincial/City Hospitals Emergency/District Hospitals
  • Rural Health Unit Community Hospitals and Health Centers
  • Private Practitioners / Puericulture Centers
  • Barangay Health Stations
• Primary Healthcare Facilities


  • Rural health units, their sub-centers, chest clinics, malaria eradication units, and schistosomiasis control units; puericulture centers, tuberculosis clinics, private clinics, clinics operated by large industrial firms, community hospitals, health centers and other health facilities
• Secondary Healthcare Facilities


  • Non-departmentalized hospitals including emergency and regional hospitals
• Tertiary Healthcare Facilities


  • Medical centers and large hospitals
• Village or Grassroots Health Workers


  • First contacts
  • Socio-economic
  • Curative and Preventive
  • Community health worker, volunteers or traditional birth attendants
• Intermediate Level Health Workers

  • First source
  • Provide support
  • Attends to health problems
  • Medical practitioners, nurses and midwives
• First Line Hospital Personnel

  • Establish close contact
  • Backup health services
  • Physicians with specialty, nurses, dentist, pharmacists, other health professionals
• Primary Level of Care

  Health care provided by center physicians, public health nurse, rural midwives, barangay health workers, traditional healers and others at the barangay health stations and rural health units. First contact between the community members and the other levels of health facility
• Secondary Level of Care


  Given by physicians with basic health training. It is usually given in health facilities privately owned or government operated such as infirmaries, municipal and district hospital and out-patient departments of provincial hospitals. This serves as the referral center for the primary health facilities. Secondary facilities are capable of performing minor surgeries and perform some simple laboratory examinations
• Tertiary Level of Care


  Rendered by specialist in health facilities including medical centers as well as regional and provincial hospitals and specialized hospitals. Complicated cases and intensive care requires tertiary care and all these can be provided by the tertiary care facility
• Health Resources


  • Rural Health Unit (RHU) and their sub-centers
  • Chest clinics, Malaria Eradication Units and Schistosomiasis Control Unit
  • Tuberculosis clinics and Hospitals of the PTBs
  • Private Clinics
  • Clinics run by PMA
  • Community Hospitals and Health services Centers run by Philippine Medical Care Commission (PMCC)
  • Voluntary Health Facilities run by religious and civic groups
• Sectors


  • Government
  • Mixed Sectors
  • Private Sectors
• Department of Health (DOH)

  The primary government agency in the field of health runs the bulk of the government health facilities
• Responsibilities of the DOH

  • Ensuring access to basic health services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care
  • Formulation and development of national health policies, guidelines, standards and manual operation for health services and programs
  • Issuance of rules and regulations, licenses and accreditation
  • Promulgation of the national standards, goals, priorities and indicators
  • Development of special health programs and projects
• Adolescent and Youth Health and Development Program (AYHDP)
• Botika ng Barangay
• Promotion of Breast feeding program/ Mother and Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (MBFHI)
• Cancer Control Program
• Diabetes Control Program
• Dengue Control Program
• Dental Health Program
• Emerging Disease Control Program