TLE ROOF FRAMING PLAN

• determines behavior of materials under crushing loads.

  Compression test
• an empirical test that measures the workability of fresh concrete. It measures the consistency of the concrete in that specific batch. The test is popular due to the simplicity of apparatus used as and simple procedure.

  Concrete Slump Test
• plate at the end of a truss

  Heel Plate
• diagonal rafter forming the intersection of two sloping roofs.

  Valley Rafters
• horizontal structural member that supports the floor system or ceiling system.

  Joist
• a steel column used to support girders and beams.

  Lally Column
• is a block of concrete supporting the floor of a building.

  Pier
• decorative column attached to a wall.

  Plaster
• long posts driven into the soil in swampy locations upon which the foundation footing is laid.

  Piles
• the internal angle formed by two slopes of a roof

  Valley
• horizontal structure.

  Purlins
• top edge of the roof where the rafters meet.

  Ridge
• The structural members of a building are constructed using a _________

  Concrete
• a result of mixing cement, fine and coarse aggregates and water.

  Plain concrete
• If there is a reinforcement embedded in order that they act together in resisting forces it is called a __________________

  Reinforced Concrete
• bonding agent that reacts with water to form a stone- hard substance.

  Cement
• ____________ introduced Portland cement in 1824.

  Joseph Aydin
• categorized as to its type, whether for general construction or where high early strength or resistance is required,

  Portland Cement
• amorphous silica that hardens as silica gel by reacting chemically with alkali in water.

  Pozzolana Cement
• Where does Pozzolona Cement first found?

  Pozzolona, Italy
• 2 types of cement

  Hydraulic cement and the Portland cement.
• satisfactory for concrete mixing.

  Water suitable for drinking
• a material other than cement that is used as ingredient in concrete, before or during mixing.

  Admixture
• The ability of concrete to flow freely and fill all voids

  Workability
• Workability is sometimes described as?

  Consistency, Plasticity, and mobility
• the degree or wetness or slump

  Consistency
• ease with which fresh concrete is molded

  Plasticity
• the flow or movement of the mixtures required for a particular work

  Mobility
• The _______ of concrete is measured in its ability to resist stresses such as compressive, tensile flexural and shearing stress.

  strength
• The right proportioning of the ingredients in concrete provides a balance for economy, workability, strength, durability and appearance.

  Concrete Proportion
• concrete proportion

  
• Standard mixture proportion

  1:2:3:0.5

  1=cement

  2=sand

  3=gravel

  0.5=water
• Concrete for building construction is mixed in two different ways:

  1. on the job site

  2. ready mixed concrete
• hand mixing/mixed by hand

  on the job site
• concrete made by mobile or stationary mixers

  ready mixed concrete
• The building code provides that concrete shall be maintained above ______ temperature for at least ____ days after placing and three days for high early strength concrete.

  10 ⁰C, 7 days
• The hardening of concrete depends upon the ______________

  chemical reaction between the cement and water.
• Concrete hardens or settles at about __________ hours after the concrete has been mixed.

  2 to 3
• a concrete with the reinforcement bars embedded.

  Reinforced Concrete
• the most common examples of reinforced concrete.

  columns and footings