unit 2(population)

• Agricultural Density


  The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
• Antinatalist


  Policies that discourage people from having children (China's One Child Policy)
• Arable Land


  land suitable for growing crops
• Arithmetic density


  The total number of people divided by the total land area.
• Baby Boom


  A cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 and 1964, which was just after World War II in a time of relative peace and prosperity. These conditions allowed for better education and job opportunities, encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility.
• Baby Bust


  Period of time during the 1960s and 1970s when fertility rates in the United States dropped as large numbers of women from the baby boom generation sought higher levels of education and more competitive jobs, causing them to marry later in life. As such, the fertility rate dropped considerably, in contrast to the baby boom, in which fertility rates were quite high.
• Birth Deficit


  slowdown of births
• Cario Conference


  November, 1943 - A meeting of Allied leaders Roosevelt, Churchill, and Chiang Kai-Shek in Egypt to define the Allies goals with respect to the war against Japan, they announced their intention to seek Japan's unconditional surrender and to strip Japan of all territory it had gained since WWI.
• carrying capacity


  Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support
• Contraception


  Intentionally preventing pregnancy from occurring
• Census


  A complete enumeration of a population.
• Child Mortality Rate


  A figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population
• Cohort


  a group of people from a given time period
• Crude Birth Rate (CBR)


  The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
• Crude Death Rate (CDR)


  The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
• Demography


  The scientific study of population characteristics.
• demographic equation


  The formula that calculates population change. The formula finds the increase (or decrease) in a population. The formula is found by doing births minus deaths plus (or minus) net migration. This is important because it helps to determine which stage in the demographic transition model a country is in.
• Demographic Momentum


  this is the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution. This is important because once this happens a country moves to a different stage in the demographic transition model.
• demographic transition


  change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
• Dependancy Ratio


  The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compares to the number of people active in the labor force.
• Dependant population


  those people that rely on others for support for the goods and services they consume, usually the very young and very old
• Doubling time


  The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.
• Echo


  The large population cohort created by the children of the Baby Boomers. Sometimes known as Millenials. Born between early 1980's and early 2000's
• Ecumene


  The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.
• Epidemiologic Transition


  distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
• Epidemiology


  Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people.
• Epidemic


  A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease.
• graying population


  Evidenced by a population pyramid showing a higher number of older, or elderly, people in its projection than younger, working-age people. The pyramid is top-heavy.
• Industrial Revolution


  A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
• infant mortality rate


  The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.
• life expectancy


  A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live
• Thomas Malthus


  Eighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production.
• Maternal Mortality Rate


  Number of deaths per thousand of women giving birth.
• Neo-Malthusians


  group who built on Malthus' theory and suggested that people wouldn't just starve for lack of food, but would have wars about food and other scarce resources
• Natural Increase Rate (NIR)


  The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.
• non-ecumene


  The uninhabited or uninhabitable area of the world.
• Overpopulation


  The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.
• physcological density


  The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.
• population concentrations


  Areas of the world with large population density.
• population distribution


  Description of locations on Earth's surface where populations live