TLE SUMMATIVE

• Basting stitch


  A basic stitch for hand sewing to hold garment pieces or parts together until they are stitched permanently
• Easing or gathering stitch


  Used when one garment part must be either "eased" or "gathered" to make it fit against another garment part
• Types of permanent hand stitches

  • Overcast stitch
  • Buttonhole stitch
  • Hemming stitch
  • Lock stitch or blanket stitch
  • Slip or blind stitch
  • Catch or herringbone stitch
  • Back stitch
• Overcast stitch


  • Used to finish raw edges of fabric to prevent them from raveling
• Buttonhole stitch


  • Used when making hand-finished buttonholes, resembles a blanket stitch
  • Stitches must be placed very close together for this purpose
  • Can be stitched farther apart if used for decoration
• Hemming stitch


  • Used to secure the folded edges of a garment to prevent it from fraying and raveling
  • A lot of thread is exposed, which is subject to wear on heels, jewelry, or other things
• Lock stitch or blanket stitch


  • Done between two edges of a fabric and finished edges of a fabric or garment
• Physical hazards


  • Exposure or contact with frayed cords or exposed wire of electrically powered sewing machines that can cause electric shock
  • Poor lighting that can cause headache and eye strain
  • Loud noises
  • Scraps of cloth from cut fabrics that litter on the floor, which can cause slips, trips, and falls
  • Small thread cuttings blown by electric fans that can be inhaled by the workers
• Slip or blind stitch


  • Done under an edge or through a folded edge of a fabric
• Biological hazards


  Hazards that can be caused by co-workers who cough or sneeze and are already infected or ill. Transmission is easy, especially if workers work close to each other.
• Catch or herringbone stitch


  • Used when hemming heavy or stretchable fabrics
  • Also used to fasten seam and hem facings
• Chemical hazards


  Hazards that may arise when working with chemically treated fabrics. The chemicals may enter through the nose, mouth, and skin of the workers.
• Ergonomic hazards


  Hazards that may occur from long periods of sitting down in front of the sewing machine or long periods of standing when cutting and pressing cloth or fabric or other related activities. Such hazards may cause back pain, shoulder pain, eye strain, impact on wrist and hands, numbness in some parts of the body, or muscle cramps.
• Back stitch


  • The strongest of the hand stitches
  • Used for sewing or repairing ripped seams
  • Can be used to attach a zipper by hand
• Psychological hazards


  Hazards caused by anxiety and stress due to over fatigue, poor interpersonal relationship, family problems pressure to meet the work quota, pressure from the employer, and congested and unhealthy working environment.
• made of a flexible, creaseless, synthetic material with smooth surface and edges and thin metal ends. It has a measurement of 60 inches

  Tape measure
• Are usually made of transparent or opaque plastic, metal or plain, light brown wood. The measurements are usually indicated on one side of the tool; one edge measure in inches and the opposite edge measures in centimeters

  ruler
• it is used for marking straight lines

  ruler
• this is usually made of thin, smooth and slightly varnished wood, or thick cardboard

  curve stick
• this is used to take body measurements

  tape measure
• this tool is used for accurate ruling of curved lines

  curve stick
• usually made of thin, smooth wood or card board.

  french curve
• it is used for drawing curved lines found in the armhole, neckline, and crotch

  French Curve
• can easily made by using a firm or thick cardboard.

  gauge
• this tool is used to measure folds accurately and uniformly, like hemlines

  Gauge
• TOOLS FOR MEASURING

  • Measuring tape
  • Ruler
  • Curve stick
  • French Curve
  • Gauge
• this is available in pencil or cake form, usually square in shape and orange in color. This is used for marking on pattern paper and fabric

  tailor's chalk
• this is a round, saw-toothed metal disk with a wooden handle, about six inches in length. IT is used for transferring markings from the paper pattern to the fabric, leaving dotted imprints on the cloth

  Tracing wheel
• This is a light, thin paper used with a tracing wheel to transfer markings, usually from the paper to fabric.

  tracing paper
• TOOLS FOR MARKING

  • Tailor's chalk
  • Tracing wheel
  • Tracing Paper
• scissors - they are made of light, iron, stainless, steel, either chrome-plated, painted or oxidized, and are usually small and light. They are used for cutting threads and for trimming and slashing thin fabrics.
• They are longer and heavier than scissors. They have either straight or bent handles. They are used for general cutting.

  Shears
• TOOLS FOR CUTTING

  • Scissors
  • Shears
• usually made of fine steel. they have sharp points and smooth, well -polished eyes. Used for basting and stitching. They come in different sizes

  needles
• Needles that are used for fine stitching

  small needle
• needles that are used for bigger stitches or coarser or thick fabrics

  large needles
• they are shorter and less slender than needles and have no eyes but a head instead. It is used to hold folds or pleats of two or more fabrics temporarily.

  Pins
• these are spins of very thin fibers. Used for sewing by hand or by a machine.

  Threads
• It is a metal or a plastic device, placed at the tip of the middle finger. It is used for pushing the needle into the cloth for easy sewing.

  Thimble
• it is a square or rounded cushion bag, filled with sawdust, wool, hair, or candle scrapping. It allow pins and needles slip easily in the cushion.

  pincushion