17TH TO 19TH CENTURY

• William Harvey


  • Discovery of the circulation of the blood
  • Effectively established the science of physiology
• Edward Tyson


  Discovery of the circular course of blood flow
• Marcello Malpighi


  • Founder of histology
  • Discovery of the capillaries
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek


  • Invention of the microscope
  • Discovery of tubules in the dentin
  • Discovery of microorganisms in materia alba
  • Disproved that they were toothworms
• Jan Swammerdam


  Study of the function of the blood itself as well as of the lungs
• Robert Hooke


  • Discovered that parts of plants are cellular
  • Coined the term "cells"
• The Physicians


  • Medical schools on the Continent and in England was still based on the Classical and Arabic writers
  • Uroscopy was at its zenith of popularity
  • Astrology was fervently believed
  • Alchemy provided the medical community with an unending flow of "magical potions" and amulets
• Thomas Sydenham


  Classified diseases by their symptoms and responses to modes of treatment
• Barbiere


  Book used by barber-surgeons to expand their knowledge
• Wilhelm Fabry


  • Observationes et curationes (Observations and Counsels)
  • Used wooden mouth props wired to the teeth to separate and immobilize the jaws
  • Removed tumors by ligating them with a thread and then excising them with a knife
• Richard Wiseman


  • Performed amputation in cases of gunshot wounds
  • Provided relief of gonorrheal stricture by urethotomy
  • Practiced cauterization and extraction
• Johannes Scultetus


  • Armamentarium chirurgicum
  • Relied on the Roman doctor's methods to prepare his patients for operation
  • Performed incision and drainage and continuous irrigation
• Charles Francois Félix


  • Treated Louis XIV's anal fistula
  • Paved way for barber-surgeons popularity and prestige
• Cintio d'Amato


  • Wrote "New and Useful Practices of All Kinds for Diligent Barbers"
  • Suggested cleaning teeth with rough cloth to prevent calcular deposit build-up
• Toothworm believers


  • Professor Jacobaens - he saw a worm, which when extracted and put in water swam energetically
  • Philip Salmuth - by applying rancid oil he was able to drive out toothworms as big as earthworms!
• Charles Allen


  • Wrote "The Operator for the Teeth"
  • First book on dentistry published in English
  • Suggested filling cavities and described extractions
  • Illustrated several instruments
• Licensure examination


  • Experts pour les dents dental practitioners
  • French parliament passed a law stipulating that dental practitioners had to be examined by a committee of surgeons before being allowed to practice in Paris
  • German state of Brandenburg-Prussia passed an edict regulating the practice of the Collegium Medicum in Berlin
• Le Grand Thomas


  • The greatest quack
  • Did extractions during festival gathering
• Pierre Fauchard


  • Father of Modern Dentistry
  • Wrote "Le chirurgien dentiste, ou, traité des dents (The Surgeon-Dentist, or, Treatise on the Teeth)"
  • Rejected the toothworm theory
  • Advocated retaining primary teeth until they are shed
  • Supported replantation and transplantation of teeth
  • Firm believer in scaling the teeth and debridement of root surfaces to prevent gingival disease
  • Strong advocate of preventive dentistry
• Robert Bunon


  • Challenged the belief that maxillary cuspids should not be extracted
  • Refuted the notion that pregnant women should not be given dental treatment
• Claude Mouton


  • Wrote "Essay d'odontotechnie" - first book dealing exclusively with "mechanical dentistry" (dental technology)
  • Designed a gold crown with a gold post to be retained in the root canal
  • Used the first clasp to retain an artificial tooth
• Etienne Bourdet

  • Wrote "Recherches et observations sur toutes les parties de l'art du dentiste"
  • Provided a detailed description of severe periodontoclasia - modern gingivectomy
  • Advocated extraction of the first bicuspids to alleviate overcrowding of the mouth
• Philip Pfaff


  • Wrote "Abbandlung von den Zahnen des menschlicen Körbers und deren Krankheiten (Treatise on the Teeth of the Human Body and Their Diseases)"
  • Described taking impressions with softened wax and constructing plaster of paris models
  • Capped vital pulp exposures with small sheets of gold
• William Harvey


  • Discovery of the circulation of the blood
  • Effectively established the science of physiology
• Edward Tyson


  Discovered the circular course of blood flow
• Marcello Malpighi


  • Founder of histology
  • Discovered the capillaries
  • Discovered arteries and veins
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek


  • Invention of the microscope
  • Discovered tubules in the dentin
  • Discovered microorganisms in materia alba
  • Disproved that they were toothworms
• Jan Swammerdam


  Studied the function of the blood itself as well as of the lungs
• Robert Hooke


  • Discovered that parts of plants are cellular
  • Coined the term "cells"
• The Physicians


  • Medical schools on the Continent and in England was still based on the Classical and Arabic writers
  • Uroscopy was at its zenith of popularity
  • Astrology was fervently believed
  • Alchemy provided the medical community with an unending flow of "magical potions" and amulets
• Thomas Sydenham


  Classified diseases by their symptoms and responses to modes of treatment
• Barbiere


  Book used by barber-surgeons to expand their knowledge
• Wilhelm Fabry


  • Wrote Observationes et curationes (Observations and Counsels)
  • Used wooden mouth props wired to the teeth to separate and immobilize the jaws
  • Removed tumors by ligating them with a thread and then excising them with a knife
• Richard Wiseman


  • Wrote Several Chirurgical Treatises
  • Performed amputation in cases of gunshot wounds
  • Provided relief of gonorrheal stricture by urethotomy
  • Practiced cauterization and extraction
• Johannes Scultetus


  • Wrote Armamentarium chirurgicum
  • Relied on the Roman doctor's methods to prepare his patients for operation
  • Performed incision and drainage and continuous irrigation
• Charles Francois Félix


  • Treated Louis XIV's anal fistula
  • Paved way for barber-surgeons popularity and prestige
• Cintio d'Amato


  • Wrote New and Useful Practices of All Kinds for Diligent Barbers
  • Suggested cleaning teeth with rough cloth to prevent calcular deposit build-up
• Toothworm believers


  • Professor Jacobaens - he saw a worm, which when extracted and put in water swam energetically
  • Philip Salmuth - by applying rancid oil he was able to drive out toothworms as big as earthworms!
• Charles Allen


  • Wrote The Operator for the Teeth
  • First book on dentistry published in English
  • Suggested preservation of the teeth, filling cavities
  • Described extractions
  • Illustrated several instruments
• Licensure examination


  • Experts pour les dents dental practitioners
  • French parliament passed a law stipulating that dental practitioners had to be examined by a committee of surgeons before being allowed to practice in Paris
  • German state of Brandenburg-Prussia passed an edict regulating the practice of the Collegium Medicum in Berlin
  • All those who wished to practice dentistry were obliged to appear before a government commission in order to receive a license