migration

• asylum seeker


  Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee
• Brain Drain


  Large-scale emigration by talented people.
• brain gain


  large-scale immigration by talented people
• Chain Migration


  migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there
• circulation


  Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.
• counter migration


  the return of migrants to the regions from which they earlier emigrated
• Counterurbanization


  Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.
• diaspora


  A dispersion of people from their homeland
• Distance Decay


  The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.
• Emigration


  Migration from a location
• ethnic enclave


  A place with a high concentration of an ethnic group that is distinct from those in the surrounding area
• Expatriate


  someone who chooses to live outside of, or renounce, his or her native country
• Forced Migration


  Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors.
• gender patterns


  most international migrants are young males, while more internal migrants are female
• gravity model


  A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.

  
• guest worker


  a foreign laborer living and working temporarily in another country
• immigration policy


  regulating the entry of non-citizens into the country
• Internal Migration


  Permanent movement within a particular country.
• Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

  Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border
• International Migration


  Permanent movement from one country to another.
• Intraregional Migration


  Permanent movement within one region of a country.
• intervening obstacle/opportunity


  An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.
• Lee's Model of Migration


  A migration model that introduces a refinement to push and pull factors. It includes intervening obstacles that are both real and perceived.

  
• migration selectivity


  Only people exhibiting certain characteristics in a population choosing to migrate
• Migration stream


  A constant flow of migrants from the same origin to the same destination
• mobility


  All types of movement from one location to another.
• Net in migration


  The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration.
• net out migration


  If the number of emigrants exceeds the number of immigrants and the net migration is negative
• periodic movement


  motion that recurs over and over and the period of time required for each recurrence remains the same
• Quotas


  In reference to migration, laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.
• Ravenstein's laws


  a set of theories about migration developed in the late nineteenth century by Ernst Georg Ravenstein

  
• refugee


  A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster
• remittances


  Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries
• return migration


  the likelihood that as many as 25% of all migrants will return to their place of origin (counter migration)
• step migration


  Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city
• time contract workers


  recruited for work but for only a fixed period of time by contract
• Transhumance


  The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.
• transnational


  extending or operating across national boundaries
• Unauthorized immigrants


  People who enter a country without proper documents.
• urbanization


  An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.