ANPH Nervous System

• 2 classifications of the nervous system: structural and functional
• afferent and efferent is under what classification?


  functional
• CNS and PNS is under what classification?


  structural
• this nervous system invloves the brain and spinal cord

  central nervous system (cns)
• connects the cns to the body's sensory receptors, muscles, glands

  peripheral nervous system (pns)
• 2 types of NS under PNS: somatic and autonomic nervous system
• nervous system that has involuntary movements

  autonomic nervous system
• nervous system that has voluntary movements and transmits sensory information

  somatic nervous system
• 2 types of NS under the autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
• PNS to CNS; receives sensory information

  afferent division
• action potentials away from CNS; carries the signals away from the muscles, organs, glands which then enables response

  efferent division
• the cell that receives input, process input, & produce a response

  neuron
• RECEIVES stimulus from other neurons or sensory receptors

  dendrites
• PROCESS stimulus; contains a nuceus

  cell body
• TRANSMITS stimulus to the gland, muscle, organs

  axon
• what type of neuron has multiple dendrites, 1 axon

  multipolar
• what type of neuron has 1 axon, 1 dendrite

  bipolar
• what type of neuron has no dendrites, 1 axon that splits in to two branches

  pseudo-unipolar
• "glue"; supporting cells for neurons; can divide to produce more cells

  glial cells
• what type of neuron has 1 axon, does not occur to humans

  unipolar
• why type of neuroglia forms blood-brain barrier (BBB); most abundant; star shaped; forms active synapses

  astrocytes
• what type of neuroglia produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

  ependymal cells
• helps remove bacteri and cell debris from CNS by destryong pathogens and removing damage cells

  microglia
• what type of neuroglia produces myelin sheath in PNS

  schwann cells
• what type of neuroglia produces myelin sheath in CNS


  oligodendrocytes
• the fatty, protective wrapping around axons; excellent insulator

  myelin sheath
• what type of matter where this is the place where the processing of sensation, perception, voluntary movement, learning, speech and cognition takes place; receive information and regulate outgoing information; dendrites & cell bodies

  gray matter
• what type of matter provide communication between different grey matter areas and between grey matter and the rest of your body; transmit signals to other regions of the brain; axons & myelin sheath

  white matter
• this channel is always open; K+ channels

  leak ion channels
• this channel is closed until opened by specific signal; Na+ channels

  gated ion channels
• The movement of a cell's membrane potential to a more positive value; Na+ channels open, makes inside of the membrane positive

  depolarization
• The change in membrane potential from a positive to a negative value; Na+ channels close and additional K+ channels open

  repolarization
• this is where and axon ATTACHES to a muscle, gland, organ, or other neurons

  synapse
• type pf substance: dementia, alzheimers; because this becomes reduced

  acetylcholine
• type pf substance: cocaine & amphetamines, increase release and block the reuptake

  norepinephrine
• type pf substance: mood, anxiety, sleep induction, treat depression, anxiety disorders

  serotonin
• parkinson disease; depression in motor control

  dopamine
• treat epilepsy; excessive discahrge of neurons

  GABA
• opiates, morphine, heroin' reduce pain and blocks the release of neurotransmitters

  endorphins
• neuronal pathways: 2 or more neuron synapse; allows info to be transmitted in more than one

  converging