BIOCHEM | MOD 1: Vitamins

• Vitamins came from the word?

  latin word vita
• Vitamins came from the latin word vita meaning?


  life
• Are organic components in food that are needed in very small amounts for growth and for maintaining good health.

  Vitamins
• Why are vitamins only ingested in small amounts?

  there are already natural vitamins in the body and majority are said to be macromolecules
• Products of proteins and amino acids

  Vitamins
• Vitamins are product of?

  proteins and amino acids
• General Charcteristic of Vitamin

  • Vitamins are required in small quantities in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body
• General Characteristics of Vitamin

  1. Vitamins are required in small quantities in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body
  2. Water soluble vitamins cannot be stored in human tissues. Their excess is excreted with urine.
  3. Significant amounts of fat soluble vitamins can be stored in adipose tissue and liver.
  4. Synthetic vitamins are identical to natural vitamins.
  5. Once growth and development are completed, vitamins remain essential nutrients for the healthy maintenance of the cells, tissues, and organs.
• The synthesizing or absorption of vitamins is observed in ____ = ____ & ____

  urine = darker color & odor
• Since our body is made up of ___, we can only absorb so much of the nutrients from the vitamins and when our body can no longer able to absorb nutrients from vitamins, the body will ___ it

  water; excrete
• Overdose in vitamins =

  stomach problems, diarrhea, kidney failure (at most), vomiting
• Why do we need constant supply of vitamins?

  to supplement our body in maximizing the absorption of the minerals and nutrients from the food we eat
• Functions of Vitamins


  -They build up the resistance of the body against diseases.

  -Prevent and cure various diseases caused by deficiency

  -Help the digestion and utilization of mineral salts and carbohydrates in the body.

  -Stimulate and give strength to digestive and nervous systems

  -Help health protection.

  -Help maintenance of proper health and normal growth.
• Primary function of vitamins

  fight off vitamin deficiencies
• Classification of Vitamins According to their Solubility

  FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS & WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
• Vitamins that dissolve in fat

  FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
• easily stored in our body

  fat
• Because fat is easily stored in our body, fat-soluble vitamins can be stored within our____, especially in the ___ and ___ in our body

  fat deposits; cells and tissues
• They can accumulate and be saved for later use

  FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
• What are the FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS


  Vitamins A, D, E and K
• Vitamins that dissolve in water.

  WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
• Because our body is a ___ environment, these vitamins can move through our body pretty easily, and they can also be ___ by our ___.

  watery; flushed out by kidneys
• Water-soluble vitamins include


  B-complex and Vitamin C
• Called B-complex as it is comprised of ___ B-vitamins


  eight (is fate)
• water soluble vs fat soluble

  .

  A)

  B)

  C)

  D)

  E)

  F)

  G)

  H)

  I)

  J)

  K)

  L)

  
• Good for eyesight


  Vitamin A
• Major functions of Vitamin A

  ➢ body vision

  ➢ regulation of cell differentiation

  ➢ maintenance of epithelial tissues

  ➢ growth and reproduction
• Sources of Vitamin A


  carrots, meats, papaya, eggs & cheese, squash,

  fish, mangoes, sweet potatoes, peppers, avocado, melon, peaches, apricots, etc.
• Daily requirement for Vitamin A

  ➢ Men & Women = 600 mcg

  ➢ Pregnancy & lactation = 950 mcg

  ➢ Infants = 350 mcg

  ➢ Children = 600 mcg
• VITAMIN A DEFICIENCIES


  ➢ Immunity impairment

  ➢ Hematopoiesis

  ➢ Rashes

  ➢ Night blindness
• Vitamin D are also called


  “sunshine vitamin” (7-10 am)
• Two most important vitamin D are

  ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol
• ____ is more common and commercially available because it targets more and has more diverse effects than ____

  cholecalciferol ;ergocalciferol
• Maintains normal blood levels of calcium ion and phosphate ions.

  VITAMIN D
• VITAMIN D maintains normal blood levels of?

  calcium ion and phosphate ions
• Major functions of VITAMIN D

  ➢ blood pressure regulation

  ➢ development of bones and teeth
• Sources of VITAMIN D

  cheese, margarine, butter, fortified milk, healthy cereals, fatty fish, etc
• Daily requirement of Vitamin D

  ➢ Men & Women = 0.01 mg

  ➢ Pregnancy & lactation = 0.01 mg

  ➢ Infants = 0.01 mg
• Vitamin D deficiency


  ➢ Mood changes

  ➢ Bone loss

  ➢ Muscle cramps

  ➢ Bone & Joint Pain

  ➢ Fatigue
• How does using sunblocks & sunscreens affect the absorption of Vitamin D in our body?

  ★ The body releases melanin that gives pigment and color to the skin, as well as protection from skin cancer.

  ★ And once we use sunblocks & sunscreens, we prevent our skin from producing melanin.

  ★ So, it's only natural for the skin to relight complexion as it's one of the effects of sunblocks & sunscreens, as well as it's preventing the skin to develop and produce melanin which gives off color on the skin.