bot #10

• a flower is the reproductive structure of an angiosperm or flowering plant
• 2 primary parts of flowers

  • vegetative
  • reproductive
• vegetative parts of a flower

  • petals
  • sepals
  • receptacle
  • peduncle
• reproductive parts

  • male
  • female
• male parts

  • anther
  • filament
• female parts

  • ovary
  • style
  • stigma
  • ovule
• petals - usually the most noticeable part of a flower and serve a vital function in attracting pollinators
• sepals - small, modified leaves that enclose and protect the flower bud before it opens. they are often green, but in some flowers they are brightly colored and resemble the petals
• receptacle - part of the flower where the flower attaches to the stalk
• peduncle - formal name for a flower stalk
• anther - part of the stamen that produces and contains pollens
• filament - is a stalk that holds up the anther, making the pollen accessible to pollinators/wind
• stigma - part of the pistil that receives. it is often sticky/feathery for trapping and holding onto the pollen grains
• style - long tube-like structure that connects the stigma and the ovary
• once a pollen grain lands on the stigma, it grows a pollen tube down the style to reach the ovary and accomplish fertilization
• ovary - part of the pistil that holds the ovule. it is where the fertilization occurs and seeds develop
• ovule - potential seed within the ovary. each contains an egg cell.
• pollination process;

  • self-pollination
  • cross-pollination
• pollination - is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma
• self-pollination - occurs when the pollen from an anther deposits onto the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant
• cross-pollination - occurs when pollen transfers from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different plant of the same species
• anemophily - wind pollination. e.g. corn, wheat, grasses
• hydrophily - water pollination. e.g. seagrasses and some species of algae
• entomophily - insect pollination (most common type of pollination process. e.g. flowers w/ bright color and have a strong fragrance to attract insects
• ornithophily - bird pollination e.g. flowers that are colorful (especially red)
• chiropterophily - bat pollination e.g. flowers that are open at night and have a strong, fermented smell
• zoophily - mammal pollination
• malacophily - snail pollination
• autogamy - self-pollination
• geitonogamy - form of self-pollination where pollen transfers from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on the same plant
• type of flower - incomplete flower

  
• type of flower - imperfect flower

  
• type of flower - regular/radial

  
• type of flower - irregular

  
• irregular flower - papilionaceous

  
• irregular flower - caesalpinaceous

  
• irregular flower - orchidaceous

  
• type of inflorescence : single

  
• type of inflorescence: spike

  
• type of inflorescence: raceme