Geography

• What is vertical erosion?

  Downward/Upward erosion of a riverbed.
• What is lateral erosion?

  The sideways erosion of a river or stream.
• What are the feutures if the upper course?

  Fast-flowing, narrow, shallow, and steep gradient.
• What are the features of the middle course?


  Meanders, oxbow lakes, and floodplains. Rocks are softer , wider and deeper
• What are the features of the lower course?

  Deposition, meandering, floodplains River channel widens even more. Deepest part
• Why do rivers deposit eroded material?

  To carry away sediment because the faster the current the larger the piece of sediment can be taken
• How are waterfalls formed by erosion?

  The hard rock on the top and the soft rock on the bottom. The soft rock gets eroded first creating a plunge pool and a undercut from the soft rock to create a overhang where the hard rocks fall to gravity
• What is an interlocking spurs?

  Projections of high land that alternate from each side of the V shaped valley where rivers meander around it
• How are interlocking spurs formed by erosion?

  Vertical erosion in the upper course cuts down into the valley and where there are areas of hard rock the river would bend round it forming an interlocking spurs
• What are ocean currents?

  Global patterns of movement of ocean water.
• How do surface currents move?

  Global wind systems and the coriolis effect which is a force moving an object
• What way do winds blow?

  Winds blow from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
• Wat is the quaternay period?


  Geological era.
• How does orbital change affect climate change?

  The variation of earth around the sun which would affect the warm and cool periods
• How does volcanic activity affect climate change?

  Volcanic gases such as sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic Carbon diozide can cause global warming
• How does solar output affect climate change?

  solar output warms the planet by releasing methane and Carbon dioxide form icecaps and oceans which these greenhouse gases can produce additional warming
• What are tree rings?

  Annual growth layers in tree trunks. If the tree rings were close together that means it was cool and dry and if they were far apart it was warm and wet
• What are ice cores?


  Cylinders of ice drilled from glaciers or ice sheets that provide a record of past climate conditions.
• How does farming produce greenhouse gases?

  Livestock which releases methane and soils release nitric oxide
• what is the natural greenhouse effect?

  Naturally warms up the planet. When the suns energy reaches earth it is reflected back into space and absorbed by greenhouse gases.
• What is a greenhouse gas?

  A greenhouse gas is a gas that traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and climate change.
• What are 2 consequences on people on climate change?

  Increased temperature and rising sea levels which is bad for countries only a couple metres above sea level.
• What is a tropical cyclone?

  A tropical cyclone is a large, rotating storm system that are formed over tropical or subtropical waters
• How does a tropcial cyclone form? First stages

  The area water has to be over 26.5 degrees. Warm air currents rise up and more air replaces it. The rising air contains alot of moisture which forms cumulonumibulus clouds which release heat and energy and powers the cyclone
• How does a tropical cyclone form? Last stages

  The coroilis force causes air to start rotating around the centre and forming an eye. As it hits land it loses energy due to no supply of warm water.The air pressure rises whils the wind precipitation decreases. As the tropical cyclone moves away from its source it picks up heat and moisture , growing as it does
• What are the physical hazards of tropical cyclones?

  Flooding, strong winds, storm surges, and landslides.
• How is india classified in terms of econmic development?

  Developing or emerging
• How does the HDI measure the health of a population?

  It measures the health and the standard of living such as average years attending school , this could determine where the country has a good education.
• What is FDI?


  Foreign Direct Investment where an investor would buy an asses it another country
• How can Foreign investment increase economic development in nother country?

  By investing in schools or hospitals to increase their healthcare and life expectancy or improving education
• Why does india attract FDI from TNCs?

  Market size, skilled labor force, growing economy. Cheap and a good skilled workforce
• What is globalisation?


  Globalisation refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas. It involves the integration of economies, cultures, and societies on a global scale, facilitated by advancements in technology and transportation. Globalisation impacts various aspects of our lives, including trade, finance, communication, and cultural exchange.
• What is a bottom up project in india?

  Local community-driven development project. Such as the biogas plant which is gas produced by the breakdown of manure
• What is fertility rate?

  The average number of children born to a woman in her lifetime.
• What is the multiplier effect?


  People or bussiness move to another country to invest in money or housing and services which create more jobs and attracts people
• What is the global atmospheric circulation?

  It is the worldwide system of winds moving heat from the equator to the poles to reach a balance in temperature
• What is an arid area?

  A dry area
• What are the natural causes of climate change?

  Solar radiation, volcanic activity, and variations in Earth's orbit.
• How doe countries prepare and respond to tropical cyclones?

  Preparation: Evacuation, stockpiling supplies, reinforcing infrastructure. Response: Emergency shelters, search and rescue operations, humanitarian aid.
• How do you measure development?

  Human Development Index