PI 10 - EXAM

• Classic Biography


  A life history of an individual written by someone else
• Autobiography


  A story of a person's life written by that person
• Kasaysayang Buhay


  • Does not only focus on prominent people
  • Contextualized on the country's culture
  • Reflects the social life of the featured individual
• Dr. Roderick Javar (2016): 'Ang tao ay walang kasaysayang hiwalay sa kanyang lipunan, at ang lipunan ay historikal na produkto ng mga nagpupunyaging mamamayan nito.'
• Bagong Kasaysayan/Kasaysayang Buhay


  • Deviates from the traditional biographies like hagiography and heroic biography
• Bayani


  • Nagsulong para sa paglaya at pagtayo ng Inang Bayan mula sa kolonyalismo
  • Nagpamalas ng kabayanihan sa pamamagitan ng himagsikan para sa bayan
• Heroe


  • Ilustradong burgis na bagama't anti-kolonyal ang pagkilos ay nagnais bumuo ng hiwalay ngunit di-naiibang entidad sa Madre España
  • Nakasalig sa indibidwalismo
  • Ang kilos ay para sa nacion
• Approaches in Analyzing Heroes

  • Heroic determinism
  • Social determinism
  • Evolutionary-adaptive approach
• Heroic determinism


  History is the effect of individual actions
• Social determinism


  History has its predetermined course insulated from the actions of individuals
• Evolutionary-adaptive approach


  Becoming a hero involves the individual's extraordinary actions and the social context allowing the recognition and flourishing of these actions
• Criteria for national heroes (according to the National Heroes Commission)

  • Have a concept of nation, and aspire and struggle for the nation's freedom
  • Define and contribute to a system or life of freedom and order for a nation
  • Heroes contribute to the quality of life and destiny of a nation
• Additional criteria for national heroes (adopted by the Technical Committee of the National Heroes Committee)


  • Part of the people's expression
  • Think of the future, especially of the future generations
  • The choice of heroes involves the entire process that made a particular person a hero
• Proposed national heroes (chosen by the Technical Committee of the National Heroes Committee)


  • Jose Rizal
  • Andres Bonifacio
  • Emilio Aguinaldo
  • Apolinario Mabini
  • Marcelo H. Del Pilar
  • Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat
  • Juan Luna
  • Melchora Aquino
  • Gabriela Silang
• Republic Act 1425


  Signed on June 12, 1956 by Pres. Ramon Magsaysay, prominently advocated for by Claro M. Recto (author) and Jose P. Laurel (sponsor)
• Rizal Law

  • Violation of religious freedom, according to Catholic forces
  • Reading of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo as non-compulsory
  • Addition of other works of Rizal
  • Vague separation of church and state
  • Intervention of the church in state affairs
• Bigger issues with the Rizal Law

  • Building up a sense of nationalism and patriotism in a neocolonial society
  • Pro-American policies (Military Bases Agreement, Bell Trade Act)
  • Continuous search for a Filipino identity; heroes as models
  • Political tension among post-colonial national leaders
• Rizal's life, works, and thoughts in UP's General Education


  • Contextualized in 19th century and applied in contemporary times
  • Humanism (pagiging makatao)
  • Nationalism (pagiging makabayan)
  • Broadening intellectual and cultural horizons
  • Honing critical and creative thinking
  • Developing a passion for learning and scholarship
  • Cultivating a high sense of intellectual and moral integrity
  • Fostering a commitment to nationalism and social justice