psychological problems

• mild depression is where 4 symptoms are displayed
• moderate depression is where 5/6 symptoms are displayed
• severe depression is where 7+ symptoms are displayed
• According to WHO, approximately 1 in 15 people suffer from an episode of serious depression every year
• 10-15% of patients with severe depression will commit suicide
• monozygotic twins are identical
• dizygotic twins are from 2 different eggs
• genetic predisposition is a biological tendency to develop a particular behaviour due to your genes
• diathesis stress model claims you need a genetic vulnerability and a stressful life event to trigger a mental disorder
• peter mcguffin’s twin study on depression
• if a monozygotic twin gets depressed there is a 46% chance the other will too
• if a dizygotic twin gets depressed there is a 20% chance the other will
• becks negative triad
• magnification is where people see their problems as far worse than they really are
• becks negative triad=negative view of the self-negative view of the world-negative view of the future
• ellis’s abc model
• ellis’s abc=activating event-rational/irrational beliefs-consequence based on beliefs
• CBT is a form of therapy that aims to change thought processes to reduce symptoms
• noradrenaline is a type of neurotransmitter involved in mood that is released in times of stress
• reuptaking is when neurons reabsorb neurotransmitters that are released
• classical conditioning is learning by associations (pavlovs dog)
• operant conditioning is learning from the consequences of others (pigeons)
• the 5HTT gene is linked to depression
• the A1 variant of the DDR2 gene is linked to addiction
• SSRI’s (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
• SNRI’s (Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors)
• MAOI’s (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)
• TCAs (tricyclics)
• Goodwins adoptive child addiction study
• caspi’s influence on life stress on depression
• youngs cbt therapy
• a strength of learning theories is that we can unlearn the behaviour
• a weakness of learning theories is that it ignores the role of biological factors
• functional analysis is the first stage of cbt where the addicts behaviour is studied and they work out what makes you turn to your addiction
• skills training is the second stage of cbt where addicts learn ways to control their behaviour
• a strength of cbt is that it gives patient control to stop their own behaviour and gets to the root of the problem
• caspis study measured people with stressful life events between their 21st and 26th birthdays
• youngs study used 114 participants from the centre for online addiction