unit 6(cities and urban land use)

• African City Model


  model that suggests that African cities have more than one CBD, which is a remanence of colonialism
• Annexation


  Legally adding land area to a city in the United States
• Bid rent theory


  geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases.

  
• blockbusting


  A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood
• Boomburbs


  rapidly growing city that remains essentially suburban in character even as it reaches populations more typical of a large city
• built area (landscape)


  an area of land represented by its features and patterns of human occupation and use of natural resources
• Central Business District (CBD)


  The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered.
• Central Place Theory


  A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
• Census tract


  An area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods.
• City State


  a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
• Concentric zone model

  A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.
• Conurbation


  a continuous, extended urban area formed by the growing together of several formerly separate, expanding cities
• density gradient

  The change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery.
• disamenity zones


  areas not connected to city services and under the control of drug lords and gangs
• edge city


  A large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area.
• eminent domain


  Power of a government to take private property for public use.
• Exurbanization


  The movement of households from urban areas to locations outside the urban area but within the commuting field
• Filtering


  a process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment
• Food desert


  An area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain
• Galactic model


  A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.

  
• Gateway city


  Cities that, because of their geographic location, act as ports of entry and distribution centers for large geographic areas.
• Genrification


  Rich people moving into an area and improving it.
• Gravity Model


  A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.

  
• Greenbelts


  A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area.
• Infilling


  The process by which population density in an urban centre is increased by building on waste land or underused land.
• Latin America city Model


  Business in the center, people live around the center, poor people outside.

  
• Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)


  In the United States, a central city of at least 50,000 population, the county within which the city is located, and adjacent counties meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city.
• Megacities


  cities with more than 10 million people
• Megalopolis


  A very large city
• Metacities


  A new term used to describe cities that have 20 million or more people
• mixed-use neighborhoods


  Zoning that has a mix of homes and businesses with a variety of sizes and price ranges.
• Multiple nuclei model


  A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.

  
• New urbanism


  Outlined by a group of architects, urban planners, and developers from over 20 countries, an urban design that calls for development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs.
• Planned communities


  any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed in a previously undeveloped area
• Primate city


  The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.
• Public housing


  Housing owned by the government; in the United States, it is rented to low-income residents, and the rents are set at 30 percent of the families' incomes.
• Range


  the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution
• Rank size rule


  A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement.
• Redlining


  A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries.
• Reurbanization


  growth of population in metropolitan central cores, following a period of absolute or relative decline in population