Classification

• What is classification?

  The process of organising symptoms into categories based on which symptoms cluster together in sufferers.
• Classification systems for schizophrenia

  • World Health Organisation's International Classification of Disease Edition 10 (ICD 10)
  • American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Edition 5 (DSM 5)
• Diagnosis


  The identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms
• Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia


  • Hallucinations
  • Delusions
• Hallucinations


  Sensory experiences of stimuli that have no basis in reality or are distorted perceptions of things that are there
• Types of hallucinations

  • Visual hallucinations - seeing things that are not there
  • Auditory hallucinations - hearing things that are not there
• Delusions


  Involve irrational beliefs that have no basis in reality
• Types of delusions

  • Delusions of grandeur - the sufferer believes they are someone else like an important historical, political, or religious figure
  • Delusions of persecution - the sufferer believes they are a victim of conspiracy like being persecuted by the government or aliens
• Negative symptoms of Schizophrenia


  • Avolition/Apathy
  • Speech Poverty/Alogia
• Avolition/Apathy

  Involves a loss of motivation to carry out tasks and results in lowered activity levels. Sufferers find it difficult to begin or keep up with goal directed activity (working towards a result). Poor hygiene and grooming, lack of persistence in work or education, lack of energy
• Speech Poverty/Alogia

  Involves reduced frequency and quality of speech. The sufferer may be delayed in responding verbally during conversations
• Positive symptoms - ADD to “normal” behaviour. (Sufferers

  experience something more than those who do

  not suffer.)
• Negative symptoms - REMOVE aspects of “normal” behaviour. (Sufferers experience a loss of behaviour compared to those who do not suffer.)