Cell biology

• Eukaryotic cells


  Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic cells. They have genetic material (DNA) that forms chromosomes contained in a nucleus.
• Eukaryotic cells


  • Have genetic material (DNA) that forms chromosomes contained in a nucleus
• Mitochondria


  Where cellular respiration occurs
• Ribosomes


  Site of protein synthesis
• Prokaryotic cells (Bacteria)


  • Single-celled
  • No nucleus, have a single loop of DNA
  • Have small rings of DNA called plasmids
  • Smaller than eukaryotic cells
• Differences between animal, plant and prokaryotic cells

  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Cell wall
  • Chloroplasts
  • Permanent vacuole
  • DNA free in cytoplasm
  • Plasmids
• Light microscope


  Uses light to form images
• Electron microscope


  Uses a beam of electrons to form images
• Light microscope


  • Relatively cheap
  • Low magnification
  • Low resolution
• Electron microscope

  • Expensive
  • High magnification
  • High resolution
• Electron microscopes allow you to see sub-cellular structures, such as ribosomes, that are too small to be seen with a light microscope.