biochem (midterm)

• One of the main source of energy in humans

  Carbohydrates
• Most abundant class of biomolecules on planet earth

  Carbohydrates
• It has an important structural component

  Carbohydrates
• Sugar of DNA

  Ribose
• Sugar of Plants

  Cellulose
• 1 sugar

  Monosaccharides
• 2 sugar

  Disaccharides
• 3 - 19 sugar (short chains)

  Oligosaccharides
• 20 and above sugar

  Polysaccharides
• Molar ratio

  1:2:1
• 1:2:1

  1 carbon, 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen
• simple sugar

  monosaccharides
• smallest unit that makes up any carbohydrates

  monosaccharides
• the building blocks of sugar

  monosaccharides
• glucose, galactose, fructose

  monosaccharides
• main source of energy

  glucose
• converted in glycogen

  glucose
• alpha glucose


  what is this?

  
• beta galactose


  what is this?

  
• beta fructose


  what is this?

  
• made up of 2 monosaccharides

  disaccharides
• maltose


  what is this?

  
• bond of maltose

  alpha 1-4 bond
• lactose


  what is this?

  
• bond of lactose

  beta 1-4 bond
• bonding (release water)

  condensation
• breaking (adding water)

  hydrolysis
• sucrose


  what is this?

  
• bond of sucrose

  glu alpha 1 - beta 2 fru bond
• table sugar


  sucrose
• hexose


  6
• pentose


  5