History cold war

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• Cold War Knowledge Organiser
• Cold War Background


  • Grand Alliance of USA, USSR, Britain and France in WW2 to defeat Nazi Germany
  • Met at Tehran (1943) and Yalta (1945) to agree how to defeat Germany and how Europe should look after the war
  • Potsdam Conference (1945) agreed to de-nazily Germany and split it (and Berlin] into 4 zones shared between the 4 alles. Agrend USA would have a sphere of influence in the West, and the USSR would have one in the East
• Increasing Tension


  • Long and Novikov Telegrams 1946
  • Truman Doctrine 1947
  • Marshall Plan 1947
  • Iron Curtain Speech 1947
• Cominform/Comecon


  USSR united all communist parties together from satelite states Cominfurm. Also tried to tie all sateilte states together economically-Comecon
• The Berlin Blockade (1947-1948) and its consequences

  1. USSR worried the Western allies were trying to unite West Germany into Trizonia. Blocked all road, rall and canal access to foren them out of West Berlin

  2. USA kept Wets Derlin supplies through a huge airlift of supplies for 11 months

  3. USSR eventually backed down. Couldn't shoot down planes as would be act of war

  4. FRG and GDR-Germeny became officially divided into 2 different countries- FRG in West and GDK in East. Berlin also official split
• NATO


  USA and Western European military alliance against USSR
• Warsaw Pact


  USSR responded to NATO by creating own military alliance of satellite states in Eastern Europe
• Hungarian Uprising 1956


  1. Encouraged by Khrushchev's Secret speech which criticised the hed, repressive policies of Stalini

  2. Imre Nagy wanted to take Hungary out of the Warsaw Pact and make the country less repressive

  3. USSR sent in troops and executed Nagy. uforms andora West tidn't help at all despite promising to
• The Berlin Ultimatum and Summits

  1. By 19583 million East Germans had crossed to the Wes 11/3 onl

  2. Krushchev wanted to take over Wima Berlin to stop this- 1958 demanded West recognise East as independent no antry, and Deilin to be demilitarised Berlin Ultimatumi

  3. Camp David Summit 1959 Fisenhower and Khrushchev me and agreed to withdraw ultimatum

  4. Paris Summit 1960 USSK shat down US UZ spy plane, US tried to cover up and Khrushchev walked out of the meeting

  5. Vienna Summit 1961 Khrushchev saw Kennedy as weak and reissued Ultimatum. Kennedy refused to make concessions, so nothing was agreed
• The Berlin Wall


  1. 12 August 1961 East German Leader Ubricht ordered a harbed wire fence around West Rers to stop the refugee problem

  2. Soon grew to 165km, cutting through streets and even buildings. Twu walls separated by ne man's land with hooby traps, barbed wire, watch towers and guards with machine guns

  3. People tried to escape 130 killed, most famous was Prter Feciter

  4. Khrushchev had to abandun pises for a united communist Germany and showed how ur popular communism was, but it did stop the refugee problem and showend communist was in control in the East

  5. The kerie Wall hesame a symbol of freedom and defiance coren unism, and showed Khrushchev had acted Wester trol in Berlin
• Germany's ice the Derin spee 1568 very popular
• The Fall of the Berlin Wall

  1. 1989 Garbachev refused to help Fast Germany stop protests

  2. East Germany then announced border una West Berlin to be opened. Huge numbers cross the border and the wall is quickly pulled down

  3. Germany officially reunited 1990