R&W

• Pre-writing


  Techniques that help you discover ideas before writing the first draft of the paper
• Pre-writing


  • Allows you to communicate with yourself so you can discover what you want to communicate to your readers
  • It is important to refrain from critiquing your ideas in the pre-writing stage
• Pre-writing stage


  1. Knowing the kind of paper that you will be required to write

  2. Determining the writing situation, or the context of your assignment

  3. Thinking about the purpose and audience of your paper

  4. Thinking about your paper's topic

  5. Considering the tone you plan to use
• Brainstorming


  More popular methods of discovering your writing topic
• Brainstorming


  1. Begin at the top of a sheet of paper and list down everything that comes into your mind

  2. The aim is to provide yourself with as many choices for your topic as possible
• Clustering or Mapping


  Start by writing a word or phrase at the center of the page and encircle it; this becomes your main topic
• Freewriting


  Writing down your thoughts nonstop, in the exact order, language, and form in which you think them
• Review


  • Critical evaluation of a text, event, object, or phenomenon
  • It makes an argument
  • The most important element is that it is a commentary
• What makes a review

  • Gives the reader a concise summary of the content
  • Offers a critical assessment of the content
  • Suggests whether or not the audience would appreciate it
• Book review


  Your personal response to a particular book
• Literature review


  A survey of scholarly sources (such as books, journal articles, and theses) related to a specific topic or research question
• Article critique


  • A formal evaluation of a journal article or another type of literary or scientific content
  • The main goal is to show whether or not the author provided reasonable arguments and facts
• Research report


  • Recorded data prepared by researchers or statisticians after analyzing information gathered by conducting organized research
  • A reliable source to recount details about a conducted research
• Project proposal


  • Used to convince a sponsor that a project needs to be kicked-off to solve a business problem or opportunity
  • Describes in depth, how the project is going to be commenced
• Position paper


  • Written after reading about and discussing a particular issue
  • A common type of academic argument writing assignment
• Curriculum Vitae (CV)


  • Document that contains a brief account of person's education, work experience, and other qualifications
  • Usually sent with job applications, and sometimes with school applications as well
  • Has no length limit
• Resume


  • Document that contains a brief account of person's education, work experience, and other qualifications
  • Typically one to two pages long
  • Summarizes skills and work experience
• Chronological resume


  • The most typical format of a resume
• Parts of a resume

  • Heading
  • Objective
  • Education
  • Honors and Awards
  • School Activities
  • Work Experience
  • Enrichment Activities
• Polishing a resume


  1. Revising

  2. Updating

  3. Proofreading
• Cover letter


  The letter that accompanies your resume and highlights the strengths that you have listed
• Parts of a cover letter

  • Introduction
  • Body
  • Conclusion
• Counterclaims


  • Claims made to rebut a previous claim
  • Provide a contrasting perspective to the main argument
• Types of evidence


  • Facts
  • Statistics
  • Opinions from experts
  • Personal anecdotes
• Fact


  A statement that can be proven to be true and always true in all cases
• Statistic


  A science that involves analyzing facts
• Personal anecdote


  • A real-life story or an anecdote someone tells about their life
  • An anecdote is a short story that causes amusement or provokes thought