mcb - protist

• phagocytosis - engulfing and digesting of microscopically visible particles
• pinocytosis - engulfing and digesting of dissolved particles; “cell drinking"
• Trophozoite

  • vegetative form
  • metabolically active invasive stage
• Cyst

  • dormant yet infectious state
• Cyst

  • protection against adverse conditions
  • site for nuclear reorganization and cell division
  • means of transfer between hosts
• Pellicle

  • bands of protein inside the membrane that adds rigidity to the cell
• Ectoplasm

  • semisolid/gelatinous cytoplasm that imparts rigidity to cell
• Endoplasm

  • area inside ectoplasm that contains most of the organelles
• Macronucleus

  • regulates somatic functions by directing protein synthesis
  • locomotion, osmoregulation, cell regeneration, feeding
• Micronucleus

  • functions in sexual reproduction, regeneration of macronucleus
• Food vacuole

  • sites of food digestion
  • fuses with lysosomes
• Contractile vacuole

  • for excretion, osmoregulation and water balance
• Pseudopodia

  • blunt lobe-like extensions of the cytoplasm
• Flagella

  • long, thin, whip-like projections arising from the surface of the cell
• Cilia

  • similar to, but shorter and more numerous than flagella
• foraminiferans SHELLS: calcium carbonate
• radiolarians and diatoms shell: silica
• Holozoic

  • employs phagocytosis
• Saprozoic

  • nutrients cross plasma membrane by pinocytosis, diffusion or carrier-mediated transport
• conjugation – sexual, exchange of genetic material from one cell to

  another
• fission – cell divides evenly to form two new cells
• longhitudinal: euglena, transverse: paramecium
• budding – cell divides unevenly
• schizogony – nucleus of the cell divides multiple times before the rest of the cell divides
• EXCAVATA

  • Giardia, Trichomonas, Trypanosoma, Euglena
• EXCAVATA

  • anoxic, flagellated, some anaerobic, chemoorgano and photo
• EXCAVATA

  • diplomonas, parabasalids, kinetoplastids, euglenids
• Diplomonads

  • contain two nuclei of equal size, each with 4 associated flagella
  • with mitosomes (modified mitochondria)
  • some free-living, most are commensal
  • can be parasitic and anaerobic
• Parabasalids

  • no mitochondria, parabasal body, binary, anaerobic, hydrogenosome (pyruvate metabolism), trichomonas,
• kinetoplastid

  • kinetoplast (mass dna) in mitochondria, single flagellum, primarily feed on bacteria, soil/aquatic, trypanosoma, leishmania
• Euglenids

  • nonpathogenic, chemotrophic and phototrophic, aquatic, phagocytosis
• ALVEOLATA

  • Gonyaulax, Plasmodium, Paramecium
• alveoli – cytoplasmic sacs located under cytoplasmic membrane
• Alveolata - ciliates, dinoflagellates, apicomplexans
• Ciliates

  • cilia, paramecium, balantidium , micro and macronuclei, symbio/parasitic
• Dinoflagellates

  • 2 flagella, marine and freshwater phototrophic alveolates, bioluminescence, some toxic, coral reefs, gonyalaux (fish kill)
• Apicomplexans

  • non-phototrophic obligate parasites, non motile adult, apicoplasts (degenerate chloroplast), sporozoites, eimeria, plasmodium, toxoplasma
• STRAMENOPILA

  • Phytophthora, Nitzschia, Ochromonas, Macrocystis
• STRAMENOPILA

  • flagellated with short, hair-like extensions, diatoms, oomycetes, golden algae, brown algae
• DIATOMS

  • unicellular, phototrophic, silica (protects against predation), different shapes, Nitzschia,