HUMAN LEARNING EXAM 2

Subdecks (2)

Cards (67)

  • Fixed Ratio Schedule

    Rewards is delivered after a specific number of responses
  • Variable Ratio Schedule

    A reward is delivered after a varying number of responses
  • Fixed Interval Schedule 

    Reward is delivered after a set period of time
  • Variable Interval Schedule

    Reward is delivered after a varying period of time
  • Fixed
    Set and Predictable
  • Variable
    on average and unpredictable
  • Ratio
    Response
  • Interval
    Time
  • Ratio Strain
    A situation in which the required amount of work, or response, no longer produces the desired behaviors
  • Stretching the Ratio
    The procedure of gradually increasing the number of responses required for reinforcement
  • Adjusting Schedule 

    The response requirement changes as a function of the organism's performance while responding for the previous reinforcer
  • Chained Schedule 

    A sequence of two or more schedules of reinforcement must be met successively for the response to be rewarded
  • Concurrent Schedule 

    Two schedules are in effect at the same time
  • Premack Principle
    A high probability behavior can be used to reinforce a low-probability behavior
  • Classical Conditioning
    • Reflex
    • Elicit
    • What happens before
    • 10 million bits/second
    • Pavlov and Watson
  • Operant Conditioning
    • Consequences
    • Emitted
    • What happens after
    • 50 bits/ second
    • Thorndike and Skinner
  • Extinction
    the nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced response, the result of which is a decrease in the strength of that response
  • When applying an extinction procedure, you have to be persistent
  • Side Effects of Extinction
    • Extinction burst
    • Increase in Variability
    • Emotional Behavior
    • Aggression
    • Resurgence
    • Depression
  • Extinction Burst
    A sudden spike in the frequency of a behavior when the reinforcement for that behavior is removed
  • Resurgence
    the reappearance during extinction of other behaviors that had once been effective in obtaining reinforcement.
  • Partial Reinforcement Effect (Schedules of Reinforcement and Extinction)

    Resistance to extinction is particularly strong when behavior has been maintained on a variable ratio schedule
  • Disinhibition
    The sudden recovery of a conditioned response during an extinction procedure when a novel stimulus is introduced.
  • Escape Behavior 

    performance of the behavior terminates the aversive stimulus
  • Avoidance Behavior 

    performance of the behavior prevents the aversive stimulus from occurring.
  • Negative Punishment
    Removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior
  • negative reinforcement
    Removing a stimulus to increase a behavior
  • OCD
    a disorder characterized by persistent thoughts, impulses, or images (called obsessions), and repetitive, stereotyped actions (called compulsions) that are carried out in response to the obsessions.
  • Exposure and Response Prevention
    Treatment for OCD where the client is exposed to the anxiety-arousing event while not engaging in the compulsive behavior pattern that reduces the anxiety.
  • Response Cost
    The removal of a specific reinforcer following the occurrence of a problem behavior
  • Time out
    the loss of access to positive reinforcers for a brief period of time following the occurrence of a problem behavior.
  • Learned Helplessness
    A decrement in learning ability that results from repeated exposure to uncontrollable aversive events.
  • Operant Conditioning
    A type of learning in which the future probability of a behavior is affected by its consequence
  • Trial and Error Learning
    adaptive mode of learning that involves eliminating mistakes until a correct answer is discovered through experience
  • Law of Effect
    Behaviors leading to a satisfying state of affairs are strengthened or "stamped in."
  • ABC of Operant Conditioning
    • Antecedent Event
    • Behavior
    • Consequence
  • Reinforcer
    The behavior has strengthened as a result of the consequence.
  • Punisher
    the behavior has weakened as a result of the consequence.
  • Reinforcement and Punishment
    the process or procedure by which a certain consequence changes the strength of a behavior.
  • Shaping
    the gradual creation of new operant behavior through reinforcement of successive approximations to that behavior